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"Cigarettes"
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The vaping controversy
\"This work provides an evenhanded and authoritative overview of vaping and its impact on American culture and public health, especially among younger Americans\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Correction: The impacts of product characteristics and regulatory environment on smokers’ preferences for tobacco and alcohol: Evidence from a volumetric choice experiment
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320023.].
Journal Article
The cigarette book : the history and culture of smoking
Arranged in dictionary format, a souvenir of the era in which the cigarette and everything about it was celebrated.
Book
An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health
The electronic cigarette (
e-cigarette
), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In
e-cigarettes
, tobacco combustion is replaced by
e-liquid
heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that
e-cigarettes
have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of
e-cigarette
consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that
e-cigarettes
can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term
e-cigarette
use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of
e-cigarette
consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Journal Article
E-cigarette initiation and associated changes in smoking cessation and reduction: the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013–2015
BackgroundThe role of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in product transitions has been debated.MethodsWe used nationally representative data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study waves 1 (2013–2014) and 2 (2014–2015) to investigate the associations between e-cigarette initiation and cigarette cessation/reduction in the USA. We limited the sample to current cigarette smokers aged 25+ years who were not current e-cigarette users at wave 1. We modelled 30-day cigarette cessation and substantial reduction in cigarette consumption as a function of e-cigarette initiation between surveys using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsBetween waves 1 and 2, 6.9% of cigarette smokers who were not current e-cigarette users transitioned to former smokers. After adjusting for covariates, cigarette smokers who initiated e-cigarette use between waves and reported they used e-cigarettes daily at wave 2 had 7.88 (95% CI 4.45 to 13.95) times the odds of 30-day cigarette cessation compared with non-users of e-cigarettes at wave 2. Cigarette smokers who began using e-cigarettes every day and did not achieve cessation had 5.70 (95% CI 3.47 to 9.35) times the odds of reducing their average daily cigarette use by at least 50% between waves 1 and 2 compared with e-cigarette non-users.ConclusionsDaily e-cigarette initiators were more likely to have quit smoking cigarettes or reduced use compared with non-users. However, less frequent e-cigarette use was not associated with cigarette cessation/reduction. These results suggest incorporating frequency of e-cigarette use is important for developing a more thorough understanding of the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette cessation.
Journal Article
The cigarette : a political history
The Cigarette: A Political History offers a fresh interpretation of tobacco's role in the twentieth century. It argues that tobacco played a vital and emblematic role in the history of twentieth century political economy. Far from being unregulated, tobacco was the most controlled and supported commodity produced in the United States during the twentieth century. The federal tobacco program was remarkably long lived, lasting nearly seven decades and ending only in 2004. By the 1960s, criticisms of the Tobacco industry and its state support were ubiquitous. Under the banner of \"non-smokers' rights,\" by the mid-1970s activists began to rack up an impressive string of victories in curtailing public smoking at the local and state levels. By the final decades of the twentieth century, debates over tobacco were waged primarily on the terrain of its social cost. By placing tobacco at the center of American political economy, The Cigarette: A Political History joins the politics of the body to the American body politic.-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Effects of Switching to the Menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2, Smoking Abstinence, or Continued Cigarette Smoking on Clinically Relevant Risk Markers
Abstract
Introduction
Modified-risk tobacco products are expected to reduce exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents of cigarette smoke, and ultimately reduce the health burden of smoking-related diseases. Clinically relevant risk markers of smoking-related diseases inform about the risk profile of new tobacco products in the absence of in-market epidemiological data. The menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (mTHS) is a modified-risk tobacco product in development as an alternative to cigarettes (conventional cigarettes [CCs]).
Methods
In this parallel-group study, Japanese adult smokers (23–65 years; ≥10 mCCs/day) were randomized to mTHS, menthol CCs (mCC), or smoking abstinence (SA) for 5 days in confinement and 85 days in ambulatory settings. Endpoints included biomarkers of exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents and clinically relevant risk markers of smoking-related diseases.
Results
One-hundred and sixty participants were randomized to the mTHS (n = 78), mCC (n = 42), and SA (n = 40) groups. Switching to the mTHS was associated with reductions in biomarkers of exposure compared with continuing mCCs. Reductions in 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (biomarker of oxidative stress), 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (biomarker of platelet activation), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (biomarker of endothelial function), and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (biomarker of lipid metabolism) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (biomarker of lung function) occurred in the mTHS group compared with the mCC group. The changes in the mTHS group approached those in the SA group.
Conclusions
Switching from mCCs to mTHS was associated with improvements in clinically relevant risk markers linked to mechanistic pathways involved in smoking-related diseases.
Implications
In this three-way randomized study, switching from menthol cigarettes to mTHS for 5 days in confinement and 85 days in ambulatory settings was associated with reductions in biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke, and changes were observed in clinically relevant biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-epi-prostaglandin F2α), platelet activity (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2), endothelial function (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1), lipid metabolism (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), similar to the SA group. The results suggest that switching to the mTHS has the potential to reduce the adverse health effects of conventional cigarettes.
Journal Article