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\"Ancient Greece, 5th century BC. The age of myths and legends has given way to the world of men. In the front rank stands Pericles, Lion of Athens. Behind Pericles lies the greatest city of the ancient world. Before him, on land and at sea, stands the merciless Persian army. Both sides are spoiling for war. Though still a young man, Pericles knows one thing: to fight a war you must first win the peace. It's time for a hero to rise. For his enemies to tremble. And for Athens, a city of wisdom and warriors, to shine with glory . . .\"--Publisher.

The Classical Athenians were the first to articulate and implement the notion that ordinary citizens of no particular affluence or education could make responsible political decisions. For this reason, reactions to Athenian democracy have long provided a prime Rorschach test for political thought. Whether praising Athens's government as the legitimizing ancestor of modern democracies or condemning it as mob rule, commentators throughout history have revealed much about their own notions of politics and society. In this book, Jennifer Roberts charts responses to Athenian democracy from Athens itself through the twentieth century, exploring a debate that touches upon historiography, ethics, political science, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, gender studies, and educational theory.

This paper presents the case for reading the Hephaisteion as a temple planned and begun by the Philaid family early in the fifth century. It was originally designed to give a house to Hephaestus in Athens after the successful campaign of Miltiades brought the island of Lemnos, traditionally the home of Hephaestus, under Athenian control. Work on the temple was interrupted by the death of Miltiades but resumed in the wake of Cimon’s successful northern ventures. The strong association of Miltiades and Cimon with the strategic islands of the northern Aegean suggests that the correct interpretation of the Hephaisteion’s east frieze is the expulsion of the Pelasgians from Athens. Their punishment is interpreted here as a mythological analogue for the annexation of the Pelasgians’ island, Lemnos. Evidence from the island demonstrates that the Athenian cleruchs on Lemnos were eager to distinguish themselves from the Lemnians. The Pelasgian episode enabled them to demonstrate this, and to emphasize their Athenian identity.

Parmi les réfugiés les plus célèbres de l’antiquité grecque figure sans doute l’athénien Thémistocle. L’expulsion de Thémistocle a de quoi frapper, non seulement parce qu’elle a lieu au terme d’une carrière riche en succès militaires et politiques, mais surtout parce qu’elle se déroule dans le pays de son vieil ennemi: le roi de Perse. Plutarque en expose l’histoire dans la Vie de Thémistocle (26-31) et la rappelle aussi dans la Vie de Cimon (18, 6-7). Cimon lui aussi fut expulsé d’Athènes suite à un procès d’ostracisme, vers la fin des années 460, alors que Thémistocle dont les projets politiques semblaient remonter sur scène, était probablement mort. Bien que la bibliographie sur ce sujet soit touffue, il vaut la peine de réexaminer les sorts (croisés) des deux célèbres exilés, en vue d’opérer une mise au point sur quelques-unes des nombreuses questions encore en suspens.

This book explores the cultural and political significance of ostracism in democratic Athens. In contrast to previous interpretations, Sara Forsdyke argues that ostracism was primarily a symbolic institution whose meaning for the Athenians was determined both by past experiences of exile and by its role as a context for the ongoing negotiation of democratic values. The first part of the book demonstrates the strong connection between exile and political power in archaic Greece. In Athens and elsewhere, elites seized power by expelling their rivals. Violent intra-elite conflict of this sort was a highly unstable form of \"politics that was only temporarily checked by various attempts at elite self-regulation. A lasting solution to the problem of exile was found only in the late sixth century during a particularly intense series of violent expulsions. At this time, the Athenian people rose up and seized simultaneously control over decisions of exile and political power. The close connection between political power and the power of expulsion explains why ostracism was a central part of the democratic reforms. Forsdyke shows how ostracism functioned both as a symbol of democratic power and as a key term in the ideological justification of democratic rule. Crucial to the author's interpretation is the recognition that ostracism was both a remarkably mild form of exile and one that was infrequently used. By analyzing the representation of exile in Athenian imperial decrees, in the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, and in tragedy and oratory, Forsdyke shows how exile served as an important term in the debate about the best form of rule.

This book is a study of the fourth-century sophist Libanius, a major intellectual figure who ran one of the most prestigious schools of rhetoric in the later Roman Empire. He was a tenacious adherent of pagan religion and a friend of the emperor Julian, but also taught leaders of the early Christian church like St. John Chrysostom and St. Basil the Great. Raffaella Cribiore examines Libanius's training and personality, showing him to be a vibrant educator, though somewhat gloomy and anxious by nature. She traces how he cultivated a wide network of friends and former pupils and courted powerful officials to recruit top students. Cribiore describes his school in Antioch--how students applied, how they were evaluated and trained, and how Libanius reported progress to their families. She details the professional opportunities that a thorough training in rhetoric opened up for young men of the day. Also included here are translations of 200 of Libanius's most important letters on education, almost none of which have appeared in English before. Cribiore casts into striking relief the importance of rhetoric in late antiquity and its influence not only on pagan intellectuals but also on prominent Christian figures. She gives a balanced view of Libanius and his circle against the far-flung panorama of the Greek East.

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement is important in daily clinical practice. Most measurement techniques vary in automaticity and reproducibility. This study tested a new fully automated continuous technique for IAP measurement, the CiMON. Three IAP measurement catheters (a Foley manometer and two balloon-tipped catheters) contained in a 50-ml infusion bag were placed on the bottom of a half open 3-l container. To simulate IAH the container was filled with water using 5 cmH2O increments (0-30 cmH2O). Pressure was estimated by observers using the Foley manometer (IAP(FM)) and simultaneously recorded using two IAP monitors: IAP(spie) with Spiegelberg and IAP(CiM) with CiMON. Observers were blinded to the reference levels. Fifteen observers (three intensivists, four residents, two medical students, and six nurses) conducted three pressure readings at each of the seven pressure levels with the FM technique, giving 315 readings. These were paired with the automated IAP(spie) and IAP(CiM) readings and the height of the H2O column. The intra- and interobserver coefficients of variation (COVA) were low for all methods. There was no difference in the results between specialists, physicians in training, andnurses. Spearman's correlation coefficient (R2) values for all paired measurements were greater than 0.9, and Bland-Altman analysis comparing the reference H2O column, IAP(FM), and IAP(spie) to IAP(CiM) showed a very good agreement at all pressure levels (bias -0.1+/-0.6 cmH2O, 95%CI -0.2 to 0). There was a consistent, low underestimation of the reference H2O pressure by the Spiegelberg technique and a low overestimation at pressures below 20 cmH2O by both other techniques. All three measurement techniques, IAP(FM), IAP(spie), and IAP(CiM) have good agreement with the applied hydrostatic pressure in this in vitro model of IAP measurement.

The rhetorical skill of the biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea in his Parallel Lives is made manifest by certain linguistic usages with which he characterizes his protagonists. Plutarch describes his literary technique as a sort of impressionist composition where some details of each character, signs or σημεῖα of his soul, are highlighted, defining each character through this. In this paper we study Plutarch’s masterly portraits of character with pro-Laconian inclinations as a result of the shrewd insertion of dialectalisms in his discourse as a writer well-known for his impeccable literary koiné. As case studies for our analysis of the rhetorical usage of dialectalism in Plutarch when characterizing a certain ideology of his protagonists, we have chosen the lives of Pyrrhus and Cimon. El arte retórico del biógrafo Plutarco de Queronea en sus Vidas paralelas queda puesto de manifiesto en ciertos usos lingüísticos con los que logra caracterizar a sus biografiados. La técnica literaria de Plutarco es descrita por él mismo como una suerte de composición impresionista en la que se destacan ciertos detalles de cada protagonista, señales o σημεῖα de su alma, por medio de las cuales se define al personaje en cuestión. En esta contribución se estudia la maestría de Plutarco a la hora de retratar a personajes con inclinaciones prolacedemonias mediante la hábil inserción de dialectalismos en el discurso de un escritor, por lo demás, representante de una koiné literaria impecable. Los ejemplos escogidos para estudiar el uso retórico del dialectalismo en Plutarco a la hora de caracterizar una determinada ideología de sus personajes son las vidas de Pirro y Cimón. Na arte retórica do biógrafo Plutarco de Queroneia em suas Vidas paralelas é mostrado certos usos linguísticos com os quais se consegue caracterizar a seus biografados. A técnica literária de Plutarco é descrita por ele mesmo como uma sorte de composição impressionista na qual se destacam certos detalhes de cada protagonista, sinais ou σημεῖα de sua alma, por meio das quais se define o personagem em questão. Nesta contribuição estuda-se a maestria de Plutarco na hora de retratar personagens com inclinações prolacedemônias mediante a hábil inserção de dialectalismos no discurso de um escritor, por tudo isso, representante de uma koiné literária impecável. Os exemplos escolhidos para estudar o uso retórico do dialectalismo em Plutarco na hora de caracterizar uma determinada ideologia de suas personagens são as vidas de Pirro e Simão.

The rhetorical skill of the biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea in his Parallel Lives is made manifest by certain linguistic usages with which he characterizes his protagonists. Plutarch describes his literary technique as a sort of impressionist composition where some details of each character, signs or semeia of his soul, are highlighted, defining each character through this. In this paper we study Plutarch's masterly portraits of character with pro-Laconian inclinations as a result of the shrewd insertion of dialectalisms in his discourse as a writer well-known for his impeccable literary koine. As case studies for our analysis of the rhetorical usage of dialectalism in Plutarch when characterizing a certain ideology of his protagonists, we have chosen the lives of Pyrrhus and Cimon. Adapted from the source document.

Osisko Mining Corporation (the \"Company\" or \"Osisko\") (TSX:OSK)(FRANKFURT:EWX) is proud to announce that Denis Cimon, Vice-President, Technical Services, has been awarded the 2013 Mineral Processor of the Year Award, by the Canadian Mineral Processors Society (\"CMP\"), one of the branches of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. Luc Lessard, Osisko's Senior Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer commented, \"We are proud to see one of our own being recognized for their hard work and expertise. Awards like these truly cement the fact that we have been successful in establishing a solid operations team. We congratulate and thank Denis for his continued commitment and hard work. His contribution will be invaluable in the continued growth of Osisko.\"