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"Citizenship France History 19th century."
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Revolutionary republicanism : participation and representation in 1848 France
\"Revolutionary Republicanism provides a history of French republicanism seen through a seminal episode of its creation - the 1848 revolution. The process of reinventing republicanism in 1848 gave rise to two opposite understandings or republicanism: a moderate one that merely adapted the institutions of representative governement to popular sovereignty, and a more radical, 'social-democratic' notion of republicanism, 'democratic and social', based on inclusive forms of participation and aiming at the emancipation of the proletariat. These two notions of republicanism unfolded over the course of the few critical months between the revolution of February 1848 and the uprising of June 1848, which saw the victory of the moderate one. Playing devil's advocate to the traditional republican history that casts 1848 as a mere step in the continuous history of French republicanism, the book demonstrates that the events of the revolution amounted to a repression of all that the 'Republic' had meant up until that point, particularly the forms of participation and popular representation hitherto seen as constituting a republican regime. The text also sets out to chart the history of the 'democratic and social Republic', as the socialist and worker revolutionaries of 1848 called the radical republicanism they dreamed of founding and believed would fulfil the republican promise of emancipation. This book will appeal to all those with an interest in the French revolutions, and the history of radical ideas\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Anarchist Inquisition
The Anarchist Inquisition
explores the groundbreaking transnational human rights
campaigns that emerged in response to a brutal wave of repression
unleashed by the Spanish state to quash anarchist activities at the
turn of the twentieth century. Mark Bray guides readers
through this tumultuous era-from backroom meetings in Paris and
torture chambers in Barcelona, to international antiterrorist
conferences in Rome and human rights demonstrations in Buenos
Aires.
Anarchist bombings in theaters and cafes in the 1890s provoked
mass arrests, the passage of harsh anti-anarchist laws, and
executions in France and Spain. Yet, far from a marginal
phenomenon, this first international terrorist threat had profound
ramifications for the broader development of human rights, as well
as modern global policing, and international legislation on
extradition and migration. A transnational network of journalists,
lawyers, union activists, anarchists, and other dissidents related
peninsular torture to Spain's brutal suppression of colonial
revolts in Cuba and the Philippines to craft a nascent human rights
movement against the \"revival of the Inquisition.\" Ultimately their
efforts compelled the monarchy to accede in the face of
unprecedented global criticism.
Bray draws a vivid picture of the assassins, activists,
torturers, and martyrs whose struggles set the stage for a
previously unexamined era of human rights mobilization. Rather than
assuming that human rights struggles and \"terrorism\" are inherently
contradictory forces, The Anarchist Inquisition analyzes
how these two modern political phenomena worked in tandem to
constitute dynamic campaigns against Spanish atrocities.
eBook
Obstinate Hebrews
Enlightenment writers, revolutionaries, and even Napoleon discussed and wrote about France's tiny Jewish population at great length. Why was there so much thinking about Jews when they were a minority of less than one percent and had little economic and virtually no political power? In this unusually wide-ranging study of representations of Jews in eighteenth-century France-both by Gentiles and Jews themselves-Ronald Schechteroffers fresh perspectives on the Enlightenment and French Revolution, on Jewish history, and on the nature of racism and intolerance. Informed by the latest historical scholarship and by the insights of cultural theory,Obstinate Hebrewsis a fascinating tale of cultural appropriation cast in the light of modern society's preoccupation with the \"other.\" Schechter argues that the French paid attention to the Jews because thinking about the Jews helped them reflect on general issues of the day. These included the role of tradition in religion, the perfectibility of human nature, national identity, and the nature of citizenship. In a conclusion comparing and contrasting the \"Jewish question\" in France with discourses about women, blacks, and Native Americans, Schechter provocatively widens his inquiry, calling for a more historically precise approach to these important questions of difference.
eBook
From the Vienna to the Paris System: International Politics and the Entangled Histories of Human Rights, Forced Deportations, and Civilizing Missions
Weitz argues for a fundamental shift in political conceptions in the last third of the nineteenth century: from traditional diplomacy to population politics, from mere territorial adjustments to the handling of entire population groups defined in terms of ethnicity, nationality, or race--in short, from the Vienna to the Paris system. He examines two transnational regions, the borderlands of Eastern Europe and Africa, as the main sites of this transition. The history he recounts shows that the origins of new standards of human rights were more problematic than one normally assumes, for thinking about populations in terms of protecting threatened groups and their rights also entailed the very same kinds of thinking that enabled and indeed promoted forced deportations. He concludes that while post-World War II human rights have largely been individualistic in orientation, the widely touted notion of self-determination, based on the concept of population homogeneity, points to the aftereffects of the Paris system continuing into the twenty-first century.
Journal Article
Confronting modernity in fin-de-siècle France : bodies, minds and gender
The turn of the twentieth century represented a crossroads in the French experience of modernization, especially in regard to ideas about gender and sexuality. Drawing together prominent scholars in French gender history, this volume explores how historians have come to view this period in light of new theoretical developments since the 1980s.
eBook
The Jews and the nation
This book is the first systematic comparison of the civic integration of Jews in the United States and France--specifically, from the two countries' revolutions through the American republic and the Napoleonic era (1775-1815). Frederic Jaher develops a vehicle for a broader and uniquely rich analysis of French and American nation-building and political culture. He returns grand theory to historical scholarship by examining the Jewish encounter with state formation and Jewish acquisition of civic equality from the perspective of the \"paradigm of liberal inclusiveness\" as formulated by Alexis de Tocqueville and Louis Hartz.
eBook
Jews, Soldiering, and Citizenship in Revolutionary and Napoleonic France
Tozzi talks about numerous Jews who commanded French troops during the era of the French Revolution, which are subject to similar obscurity. Indeed one leading synthesis of modern Franco-Jewish history, skipping over the pioneering experiences of these men, implies that it was not until several decades after the turn of the nineteenth century that Jews first served as military officers in France. Nor have the common soldiers of Jewish origin who fought in French revolutionary and Napoleonic armies received virtually any meaningful attention from historians, despite the facts that they numbered in the thousands and included representatives of all of France's disparate Jewish communities. Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Jewish Radicals of Morocco: Case Study for a New Historiography
The confluence of Jews and Communism has long been noted by scholars. However, most historiography has treated European contexts, with the addition of some work on the Americas and the Yishuv, but neglected the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Works that do purport to survey and compare the phenomenon across contexts have typically given the MENA short shrift. Further, most discussion of leftist Jewish politics halts after World War II, just when the story is gaining momentum in the MENA, particularly within anticolonial movements. In this article, I draw on Hannah Arendt's work on the so-called conscious pariah to bridge historiographies and link leftist Jews in the MENA, the Americas, and Europe. Using archival sources, newspapers, oral histories, and novels, I present Jewish involvement in the Parti Communist Marocain as a case study to examine the complications of Jewish involvement in leftist politics in concentric geographic, temporal, and historiographic circles. In so doing, I seek to complicate the story of Jewish attraction to internationalism and universalism and the reconciliation of Jewish affiliations and identities with the nation-state and the colonial.
Journal Article
The Race prussienne Controversy: Scientific Internationalism and the Nation
This essay examines a dispute between the French and German anthropological communities in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. While the debate ostensibly revolved around the ethnological classification of the Prussian population presented in Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages's La race prussienne, this overlays much deeper points of contention, presenting a case study of how commitments to nationalism and internationalism in late nineteenth-century science were not mutually exclusive but could operate in a highly synergistic manner, even during periods of intense international crisis. In the controversy, a group of scholars attempted to reconcile national rivalries with a commitment to scientific universalism and define how anthropological ideas of race and progress related to political developments. The French and German communities retained similar views that anthropology was an international science and that politically defined nationality was separate from scientifically discerned race. Yet they nevertheless regarded their work as strongly affected by processes of national consolidation and employed the language of scientific universalism to accuse their rivals of misusing science for political purposes.
Journal Article
The National Habitus
Stories about border crossers, illegal aliens, refugees that regularly appear in the press everywhere point to the crucial role national identity plays in human beings' lives today. The National Habitus seeks to understand how and why national belonging became so central to a person's identity and sense of identity. Centered on the acquisition of the national habitus, the process that transforms subjects into citizens when a state becomes a nation-state, the book examines this transformation at the individual level in the case of nineteenth century France. Literary texts serve as primary material in this study of national belonging, because, as Germaine de Staël pointed out long ago, literature has the unique ability to provide access to \"inner feelings.\" The term \"habitus,\" in the title of this book, signals a departure from traditional approaches to nationalism, a break with the criteria of language, race, and ethnicity typically used to examine it. It is grounded instead in a sociology that deals with the subjective dimension of life and is best exemplified by the works of Norbert Elias (1897–1990) and Pierre Bourdieu (1931–2002), two sociologists who approach belief systems like nationalism from a historical, instead of an ethical vantage point. By distinguishing between two groups of major French writers, three who experienced the 1789 Revolution firsthand as adults (Olympe de Gouges, François René de Chateaubriand and Germaine de Staël) and three who did not (Stendhal, Prosper Mérimée, and George Sand), the book captures evolving understandings of the nation, as well as thoughts and emotions associated with national belonging over time. Le Hir shows that although none of these writers is typically associated with nationalism, all of them were actually affected by the process of nationalization of feelings, thoughts, and habits, irrespective of aesthetic preferences, social class, or political views. By the end of the nineteenth century, they had learned to feel and view themselves as French nationals; they all exhibited the characteristic features of the national habitus: love of their own nation, distrust and/or hatred of other nations. By underscoring the dual contradictory nature of the national habitus, the book highlights the limitations nation-based identities impose on the prospect for peace.
eBook