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Sustainable civil engineering : principles and applications
\"The text discusses concepts related to sustainable civil engineering practices in a single volume. It will be an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate students, graduate students and professionals in the fields of civil engineering, environmental engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Environment,scarcity,and violence
The Earth's human population is expected to pass eight billion by the year 2025, while rapid growth in the global economy will spur ever increasing demands for natural resources. The world will consequently face growing scarcities of such vital renewable resources as cropland, fresh water, and forests. Thomas Homer-Dixon argues in this sobering book that these environmental scarcities will have profound social consequences--contributing to insurrections, ethnic clashes, urban unrest, and other forms of civil violence, especially in the developing world.
Homer-Dixon synthesizes work from a wide range of international research projects to develop a detailed model of the sources of environmental scarcity. He refers to water shortages in China, population growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and land distribution in Mexico, for example, to show that scarcities stem from the degradation and depletion of renewable resources, the increased demand for these resources, and/or their unequal distribution. He shows that these scarcities can lead to deepened poverty, large-scale migrations, sharpened social cleavages, and weakened institutions. And he describes the kinds of violence that can result from these social effects, arguing that conflicts in Chiapas, Mexico and ongoing turmoil in many African and Asian countries, for instance, are already partly a consequence of scarcity.
Homer-Dixon is careful to point out that the effects of environmental scarcity are indirect and act in combination with other social, political, and economic stresses. He also acknowledges that human ingenuity can reduce the likelihood of conflict, particularly in countries with efficient markets, capable states, and an educated populace. But he argues that the violent consequences of scarcity should not be underestimated--especially when about half the world's population depends directly on local renewables for their day-to-day well-being. In the next decades, he writes, growing scarcities will affect billions of people with unprecedented severity and at an unparalleled scale and pace.
Clearly written and forcefully argued, this book will become the standard work on the complex relationship between environmental scarcities and human violence.
eBook
Civil engineering and energy-environment : proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials (CCESEM 2022), Sanya, China, 21-23 October 2022
This proceedings volume gathers the most cutting-edge research and achievements, aiming to provide scholars and engineers with preferable research direction and engineering solution as reference.
Book
Flooded
In the middle of the twentieth century, governments ignored the
negative effects of large-scale infrastructure projects. In recent
decades, many democratic countries have continued to use dams to
promote growth, but have also introduced accompanying programs to
alleviate these harmful consequences of dams for local people, to
reduce poverty, and to promote participatory governance. This type
of dam building undoubtedly represents a step forward in
responsible governing. But have these policies really worked?
Flooded provides insights into the little-known effects of
these approaches through a close examination of Brazil's Belo Monte
hydroelectric facility. After three decades of controversy over
damming the Xingu River, a tributary of the Amazon, the dam was
completed in 2019 under the left-of-center Workers' Party, becoming
the world's fourth largest. Billions of dollars for social welfare
programs accompanied construction. Nonetheless, the dam brought
extensive social, political, and environmental upheaval to the
region. The population soared, cost of living skyrocketed, violence
spiked, pollution increased, and already overextended education and
healthcare systems were strained. Nearly 40,000 people were
displaced and ecosystems were significantly disrupted. Klein tells
the stories of dam-affected communities, including activists,
social movements, non-governmental organizations, and public
defenders and public prosecutors. He details how these groups, as
well as government officials and representatives from private
companies, negotiated the upheaval through protests, participating
in public forums for deliberation, using legal mechanisms to push
for protections for the most vulnerable, and engaging in myriad
other civic spaces. Flooded provides a rich ethnographic
account of democracy and development in the making. In the midst of
today's climate crisis, this book showcases the challenges and
opportunities of meeting increasing demands for energy in equitable
ways.
eBook
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes
The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey conducted in May 2020 (N = 9,394). The empirical results quantify tremendous disruptions for both commuting and non-commuting travels, highlighting substantial reductions in the frequency of all types of trips and use of all modes. In terms of potential virus spread, airplanes and buses are perceived to be the riskiest transport modes, while avoidance of public transport is consistently found across the countries. According to the Protection Motivation Theory, the study sheds new light on the fact that two indicators, namely income inequality, expressed as Gini index, and the reported number of deaths due to COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants, aggravate respondents’ perceptions. This research indicates that socio-economic inequality and morbidity are not only related to actual health risks, as well documented in the relevant literature, but also to the perceived risks. These findings document the global impact of the COVID-19 crisis as well as provide guidance for transportation practitioners in developing future strategies.
Journal Article
Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management
Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management sets up a comprehensive view of the resources involved in urban water management. It explores the potential of source separation and decentralization to provide viable alternatives to sewer-based urban water management. The book presents a comprehensive view of the state of the art of source separation and ecentralization. It discusses the technical possibilities and practical experience with source separation in different countries around the world. The area is in rapid development, but many of the fundamental insights presented in this book will stay valid.
eBook
Adsorption refrigeration technology : theory and application
Gives readers a detailed understanding of adsorption refrigeration technology, with a focus on practical applications and environmental concerns
Systematically covering the technology of adsorption refrigeration, this book provides readers with a technical understanding of the topic as well as detailed information on the state-of-the-art from leading researchers in the field. Introducing readers to background on the development of adsorption refrigeration, the authors also cover the development of adsorbents, various thermodynamic theories, the design of adsorption systems and adsorption refrigeration cycles. The book guides readers through the research process, covering key aspects such as: the principle of adsorption refrigeration; choosing adsorbents according to different characteristics; thermodynamic equations; methods for the design of heat exchangers for adsorbers; and the advanced adsorption cycles needed. It is also valuable as a reference for professionals working in these areas.
* Covers state-of-the art of adsorption research and technologies for relevant applications, working from adsorption working pairs through to the application of adsorption refrigeration technology for low grade heat recovery
* Assesses sustainable alternatives to traditional refrigeration methods, such as the application of adsorption refrigeration systems for solar energy and waste heat
* Includes a key chapter on the design of adsorption refrigeration systems as a tutorial for readers new to the topic; the calculation models for different components and working processes are also included
* Takes real-world examples giving an insight into existing products and installations and enabling readers to apply the knowledge to their own work
Academics researching low grade energy utilization and refrigeration; Graduate students of refrigeration and low grade energy utilization; Experienced engineers wanting to renew knowledge of adsorption technology, Engineers working at companies developing adsorption chillers; Graduate students working on thermally driven systems; Advanced undergraduates for the Refrigeration Principle as a part of thermal driven refrigeration technology.
eBook
Climate change effects on vulnerable populations in the Global South: a systematic review
The climate and environmental changes in the Global South have devastating effects on vulnerable populations, which have been perpetuated by socio-economic and political as well as gender inequalities and non-existent interventions to adapt and mitigate its adverse effects. Underpinned by the Protection Motivation Theory and Social-Cognitive Preparation model, this systematic literature review article depicts how vulnerable populations are impacted by climate change in the Global South. Using the empirical data from credible databases including the Web of Science and Scopus, 23 articles published since 2018 were searched, retrieved, coded, and classified with three themes emerging from the synthesised literature. The analysis of the literature confirms that climate change indeed impacts vulnerable populations adversely; the adaptability mechanisms are not applied by governments which are contrary to the international frameworks; and lastly, that such groups are discriminated against, undermined, and overlooked in societal programmes and interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate-induced disasters. Climate change impacts have severely destroyed the livelihoods of vulnerable populations and are exacerbated by socio-economic and political inequalities, with the adaptation and mitigation mechanisms deemed ineffective. Gaps in current research studies include the paucity of empirical data shedding light on the interventions provided for sexual gender-based violence victims and punitive actions issued against the perpetrators during and in the aftermath of the climate-induced disasters. There is also scant empirical data testing the adaptation and mitigation mechanisms’ effectiveness.
Journal Article