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"Class society"
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Underdogs : the truth about Britain's white working class
Who are the white working class and why are they so misunderstood? Economist journalist Joel Budd has spent five years investigating their stories. This is what they have to say.
BOOK
The Construction of Zeno’s “Ideal Community”
Within the annals of Western political thought, the essence and centrality of the Stoic School have played a vital role in the development of Hellenism and subsequent philosophical ideologies. Zeno of Kition, one of the founding figures of Stoicism, made substantial contributions to the formulation of early Stoic principles. Alongside his notable advancements in fields such as ethics, physics, and logic, Zeno’s concepts of “the whole world” and “the citizen of the world” represented a pioneering breakthrough within the societal context of that era. These concepts transcended the prevailing class system and held epoch-making significance.
Journal Article
How three narratives of modernity justify economic inequality
The acceptance of income differences varies across countries. This article suggests belief in three narratives of modernity to account for this: the \"tunnel effect,\" related to perceptions of generational mobility; the \"procedural justice effect,\" related to the perceived fairness in the process of getting ahead; and the \"middle-class effect,\" related to perceptions of the social structure of society. The importance of the suggested narratives is tested by means of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2009 module, which includes 38 countries. The finding is that belief in the three narratives can account for a considerable part of the cross-national variation. Beliefs in procedural justice and the existence of a middle-class society clearly go together with high acceptance of current income differences, while the \"tunnel effect\" is more complex. In general, belief in generational mobility goes together with acceptance of current income differences. But personal experience of such upward social mobility actually lowers acceptance of current income differences, especially if overall generational mobility in society is believed to be backward. The framework explains most country-cases, which points to the existence of general patterns. But the models also indicate that the Philippines, and to a lesser extent the US and France, are special cases.
Journal Article
Intersectionality as a Social Movement Strategy: Asian Immigrant Women Advocates
The history of Asian Immigrant Women Advocates (AIWA) in Oakland and San Jose, California, over nearly three decades provides a vivid illustration of social movement intersectionality in action and illuminates the relationships that link social theory to social movements. Serving the interests and aspirations of low-wage immigrant women workers with limited English-language skills, AIWA confronts diffuse and differential forms of interlocking oppression and deploys intersectionality to help activists change multiple states of subordinated voicelessness and devaluation into an empowered sense of self-representation and self-activity. For AIWA, an intersectional optic on social movement struggles creates insurgent identities that are dynamic and dialogic, more fluid and flexible than single-axis approaches. AIWA does not embrace intersectionality simply because its members have been wounded by racism, sexism, imperialism, class exploitation, and language discrimination but because each realm of these experiences has helped the organization to see how power works and how new identities are needed to combat its intersectional reach and scope. AIWA’s deployment of intersectionality stems from the fact that the very problems its members face are themselves both intersectional and radical.
Journal Article
The Broken Ladder: Why Education Provides No Upward Mobility for Migrant Children in China
This paper attempts to explain why education fails to facilitate upward mobility for migrant children in China. By comparing a public school and a private migrant school in Shanghai, two mechanisms are found to underpin the reproduction of the class system: the ceiling effect, which is at work in public schools, and the counter-school culture, which prevails in private migrant schools. Both mechanisms might be understood as adaptations to the external circumstances of – and institutional discrimination against – migrants rather than as resistance to the prevailing institutional systems. Thus, the functioning of these mechanisms further strengthens the inequality embodied in the system. 本文试图解释为什么中国的教育无法为农民工子女提供向上流动的机会。通过比较上海的一所公办学校和农民工子弟学校, 作者发现了两种不同的阶级再生产机制: 一是存在于公办学校的天花板效应, 二是盛行于农民工子弟学校的反学校文化。这两种机制与其说是农民工子女对主流制度体系的反抗, 不如说是对外部环境和制度性歧视的适应。这些机制的存在进一步强化了嵌入在制度体系中不平等。
Journal Article
El fin de la sociedad de clases?
En La época de las pasiones tristes, François Dubet dialoga con el clima de estos tiempos y con varias de las transformaciones en marcha. Una de ellas se vincula con el debilitamiento del régimen y las identidades de clase, así como con la forma de leer las desigualdades. En no pocos aspectos, esta coyuntura histórica recuerda la de la primera mitad del siglo xix, cuando surgían nuevas desigualdades al tiempo que se agotaba la sociedad del Antiguo Régimen.
Journal Article