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Cleaning chemistry
Do your parents ask you to wash your hands before dinner? You might not like it, but using soap to wash your hands gets rid of dirt and fights germs. Soap, what it does and how it is made, is an amazing and simple example of the branch of science called chemistry.
Book
Experimental Study on Prevention and Control of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization in Tunnel Based on the Yijun Tunnel
The occurrence of crystallization plugging in the tunnel drainage system will lead to cracking and leakage of the tunnel lining. Therefore, it is very important to take effective measures to prevent the blockage of the crystallization pipe of the tunnel drainage system and ensure the safety and stability of the lining structure during the operation of the tunnel. In this study, we conducted field surveys and laboratory tests to analyze the relationship between the crystals in the Yijun tunnel blind pipeline and the concentration of various ions in the groundwater. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the main component of the crystalline sediment was calcium carbonate. The formation mechanism of crystallization was explored by using the environmental water chemical equilibrium software, Visual MINTEQ 3.1. Considering that the preparation of cleaning agent has less corrosive effect on tunnel concrete materials, the cleaning efficiency test of various acid cleaning agents on tunnel crystals was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of cleaning solution. Finally, it is determined that the mixture of formic acid: citric acid: corrosion inhibitor: surfactant: water = 1:0.5: 0.5:0.5: 5 is used as the cleaning agent of tunnel blind pipe. The experimental results show that the cleaning agent has a 92.4% CaCO 3 dissolution rate, and the pH is controllable (4.7–7.9), which meets the environmental protection standards, and has little damage to the concrete (strength loss of 3.4 Mega Pascal, control group 6.2 Mega Pascal).
Journal Article
Handbook for cleaning/decontamination of surfaces
The focus of Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces lies on cleaning and decontamination of surfaces and solid matter, hard as well as soft. Bringing together in a 2-volume reference source: - current knowledge of the physico-chemical fundamentals underlying the cleaning process; - the different needs for cleaning and how these needs are met by various types of cleaning processes and cleaning agents, including novel approaches; - how to test that cleaning has taken place and to what extent; - the effects of cleaning on the environment; - future trends in cleaning and decontamination, for example the idea of changing surfaces, to hinder the absorbance of dirt and thus make cleaning easier. A brief introduction is given to the legal demands concerning the environment and a historical background, in terms of development of detergents, from soaps to the modern sophisticated formulations. Bactericides, their use and the environmental demands on them are covered. Thorough discussions of mechanisms for cleaning are given in several chapters, both general basic concepts and special cases like particle cleaning and cleaning using microemulsion concepts. * General understanding of how cleaning works, function of ingredients and formulations * Overview of environmental issues and demands from the society in the area * Gives basic formulas for cleaning preparations in most areas
eBook
The herbal handbook for home & health : 501 recipes for healthy living, green cleaning & natural beauty
\"Make your own stain removers, laundry detergent, fabric softeners, window & glass cleaner, room freshener, furniture polish, oven cleaner, throat lozenges, cough medicine, mouthwash, toothpaste, pet supplies, insect repellent, cordials, wines, syrups, teas, baked goods, soap, lip balm, mascara, shaving cream, facial masks, body sprays\"--Cover.
Book
Influence of Surface Treatments on the Pull-Off Performance of Adhesively Bonded Polylactic Acid
This study investigates the influence of different surface treatments (namely, mechanical abrasion and solvent cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and acetone) on the adhesive bonding performance of polylactic acid (PLA) substrates produced by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Pull-off tests revealed that the isopropanol-cleaned specimens achieved the highest bond strength, with an average pull-off value exceeding 8.5 MPa, compared to approximately 5.6 MPa for untreated PLA. Conversely, acetone cleaning resulted in the lowest performance (about 3.5 MPa), while mechanical abrasion yielded intermediate values of about 6 MPa. FTIR analysis confirmed that no chemical reactions occurred, although acetone and abrasion induced significant physical surface changes, unlike isopropanol, which acted as an effective cleaning agent. These findings demonstrate that surface cleanliness plays a dominant role over morphological alterations in enhancing the adhesion of PLA-based 3D-printed joints.
Journal Article
