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Perhaps no kind of regulation is more common or less useful than mandated disclosure-requiring one party to a transaction to give the other information. It is the iTunes terms you assent to, the doctor's consent form you sign, the pile of papers you get with your mortgage. Reading the terms, the form, and the papers is supposed to equip you to choose your purchase, your treatment, and your loan well.More Than You Wanted to Knowsurveys the evidence and finds that mandated disclosure rarely works. But how could it? Who reads these disclosures? Who understands them? Who uses them to make better choices? Omri Ben-Shahar and Carl Schneider put the regulatory problem in human terms. Most people find disclosures complex, obscure, and dull. Most people make choices by stripping information away, not layering it on. Most people find they can safely ignore most disclosures and that they lack the literacy to analyze them anyway. And so many disclosures are mandated that nobody could heed them all. Nor can all this be changed by simpler forms in plainer English, since complex things cannot be made simple by better writing. Furthermore, disclosure is a lawmakers' panacea, so they keep issuing new mandates and expanding old ones, often instead of taking on the hard work of writing regulations with bite. Timely and provocative,More Than You Wanted to Knowtakes on the form of regulation we encounter daily and asks why we must encounter it at all.

The purpose of this study is to examine colleges’ and universities’ compliance with the criteria presented by the Sexual Assault and Violence Education Act ( SaVE ). Using a stratified random sample of postsecondary institutions ( n  = 435), we examined university websites in spring 2015 to determine whether schools were meeting each criterion of the SaVE Act . Additionally, we also examined what types of programs were offered for prevention, the accessibility of the information (by number of separations from universities main website). Lastly, we examined how university resources and programs, as well as institutional and student characteristics, were related to overall compliance and the availability of online information on sexual violence programs that institutions offered. Findings showed that only 11 % of schools within the sample were fully compliant with the requirements of the SaVE Act and on average, each school met ten of the eighteen criteria for compliance. Most resources were available within websites that were three to four separations from the main university page. Student population and region were positively associated with whether any programs on sexual violence programs were offered and schools with women’s centers were more likely to offer program/s on dating/domestic violence. Additionally, ROTC programs and larger student populations were positively associated with compliance, while being located in the south was negatively associated.

The Crime Awareness and Campus Safety Act was passed by Congress in 1990 and took effect on 1 September 1991. In 1998, the name of the law was changed to the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crimes Statistics Act. Many amendments have been made to the Act over time. Recent focus on sexual violence and increased reporting requirements have engendered many campus police agencies to work to develop a better understanding of what is required of them and to vest the responsibility of collecting data and preparing the Annual Security Report (ASR) and Annual Fire Safety Report, along with other Clery-related responsibilities to an employee designated at the Clery Compliance Officer (CCO). This study was completed to assess the current status of the CCO, whether these persons were complying with Clery reporting requirements, and what changes are needed to make CCO’s more effective. Failures by the CCO to comply with Clery reporting requirements can result in large fines for their institutions and perceptions that crime on campus is being hidden. The results of this study suggest that almost half of IACLEA member and non-member institutions are likely not in full compliance with the Clery Act because of a wide variety of compliance issues related to ASRs, audit trails, lack of full-time staff who are dedicated to and understand all of the complexities of compliance, inappropriate record keeping and other individual issues.

Purpose Residential college campuses remain dangerous – especially for women students who face a persistent threat of sexual violence, despite passage of the 1990 Campus Security Act and its multiple amendments. Campuses have developed new programming, yet recent research confirms one in five women will experience some form of sexual assault before graduating. Research on campus crime legislation does not describe in detail the context in which it developed. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the effects of early rhetorical frames on the ineffective policy. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss the rhetorical construction of “campus crime,” and related “criminals” and “victims,” through content analysis and a close interpretive reading of related newspaper articles. Findings The 1986 violent rape and murder of Jeanne Clery at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania became iconic in media descriptions of campus crime. Media drew attention to the racial and classed dimensions of the attack on Clery, but elided the misogyny central to all sexual assaults. This reinforced a stereotype that “insiders” on campuses, primarily white and middle class, were most vulnerable to “outsider” attacks by persons of color. Colleges and universities adopted rhetoric of “endangerment” and “unreason” and focused on what potential victims could do to protect themselves, ignoring the role of students in perpetrating crime. Research limitations/implications This analysis does not link rhetoric in newspapers to legislative discussion. Further analysis is necessary to confirm the impact of particular claims and to understand why some claims may have superseded others. Originality/value This analysis focuses critical attention on how campus crime policy is shaped by cultural frames.

PurposeIn order to understand how collegiate athletics fits within the wider problem of sexual violence on college campuses, the purpose of this paper is to start with an examination of the overall scope of the issue of sexual violence in the USA and the larger culture that produces it. Next, the relevant laws and adjudication of sexual violence operant in American colleges are outlined. Finally, college athletics is placed into this bigger context by highlighting a number of particular cases to illustrate a broader understanding of collegiate athletes involved in sexual violence.Design/methodology/approachThe author examines the history of rape laws and adjudication and the federal laws relevant to institutions of higher education. The author investigates the debate over adjudication of sexual violence within the criminal justice system or through campus systems. The author read previous literature to determine links between sexual violence and collegiate athletes and highlights particular cases that have gotten significant media attention for clues to the rape prone culture that can be fostered within collegiate athletics.FindingsThis analysis highlights how collegiate athletics can be a context that creates a rape prone culture and that universities and the criminal justice system need further reform to overcome long-standing beliefs in rape myths which perpetuate sexual violence, discourage reporting by victims of sexual violence, deter bystander intervention and underplay the impact of sexual violence on victims. Thus, structural changes are needed within collegiate athletic cultures as well as on college campuses to address sexual violence.Practical implicationsCollege campuses and athletic departments must address climates that create rape prone cultures. There remains a need for systematic data collection of perpetrators of sexual violence, along side data collection of experiences of sexual violence. College campuses and athletic departments must have in place procedures and policy that adhere to federal law, whereby athletes are not treated differently from non-athletes and victims are offered appropriate services that recognize the trauma of sexual violence. Further progress toward a standard of affirmative consent is needed to move toward greater sexual autonomy for everyone.Originality/valueThere is evidence that collegiate athletes are disproportionately represented among the population of sexual violence perpetrators on college campuses. Thus, it is vital to understand this population and that connection. The value of this work is to explicate the complicated adjudication process between university disciplinary processes and the criminal justice system.

Recent high-profile events involving fraudulent or criminal activity by university employees and students have focused increasing attention on the risk mitigation and management policies of colleges and universities. Despite the increased attention, there is little quantifiable information available to administrators, outside of anecdotal accounts, as they attempt to craft and implement policy surrounding the background check process. This article describes and discusses criminal background check policies and procedures reported by more than 100 U.S. higher education institutions via a web-based survey. The authors offer concluding comments based on the findings of this survey and offer suggestions for future research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the ease of locating campus safety webpages on private and public institutions of higher education websites. Second, a content analysis was conducted, if such a website existed, to determine what type of Clery Act information mandated by the U.S. Department of Education was found. With a sampling frame of 2,003 institutions obtained from the Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE), 323 schools were sampled; of those, 234 had campus safety websites and 131 referenced the Clery Act . It took an average of two “clicks” to navigate from a university homepage to a campus safety website. The results suggest many campus safety websites post information related to crime statistics and emergency contacts, but are less likely to contain information about crime alerts and emergency plans/procedures. Campus safety and university administrators and webpage designers should consider making this information more easily retrievable on a homepage.