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"Clinical pharmacology"
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Pathology and therapeutics for pharmacists : a basis for clinical pharmacy practice
Aims to show the rationale and role of drug therapy in the management of some common diseases through a consideration of the mechanisms of disease processes in relation to normal function.
Book
Advanced Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology
From a practical point of view, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, chain pharmacy, forensic pharmacy, etc., are flourishing day by day. The book titled \"Advanced Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology\" is organized with advanced information about Clinical Pharmacy and its applications in modern healthcare, drug dispensing strategy, manifestation, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of diseases, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of drugs and drug-like substances, drug interactions with other drugs, chemicals, foods, and pathological states along with their pathophysiological impacts, and adverse drug interventions. In the Toxicology part, toxicological manifestations of drugs, chemicals, and biologicals, drug abuse and its impacts, toxicological studies and their implementations in analytical studies and healthcare, toxin biotransformation and overall impacts, and molecular interactions and pathophysiological contributions of toxins have been summarized. Thus, the contents of this book will cover Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology in Pharmacy, Medical, Biomedical, and other relevant subjects in our educational areas. It contains a detailed discussion of modern clinical pharmacy and toxicology, which will play a special role in developing experienced hospital and clinical pharmacists.
eBook
The final hurdle : single best answers in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
This book focuses on reinforcing core concepts, improving exam technique and developing confidence in answering the style of questions used in the examinations.
Book
Clinical pharmacology—how it shapes the drug development journey
Every drug development is a complex and long journey. Clinical pharmacology is an essential discipline in modern drug development. With its applications, computational modelling, and simulation techniques, it can significantly contribute to the efficiency in drug development today. In this perspective, we highlight why pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are important, what developers need to consider in their clinical development programme, how modelling influences the development process, and discuss recent trends such as artificial intelligence and machine learning that have the potential to reshape future drug development.
Journal Article
Adverse drug reactions
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a challenge in modern healthcare, particularly given the increasing complexity of therapeutics, an ageing population and rising multimorbidity. This article summarises some of the key facts about ADRs and explores aspects relating to their prevention, diagnosis, reporting and management in current clinical practice.
Journal Article
WHO guide to good prescribing is 25 years old: quo vadis?
IntroductionTwenty-five years ago, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the Guide to Good Prescribing (GGP), followed by the accompanying Teacher’s Guide to Good Prescribing (TGGP). The GGP is based on a normative 6-step model for therapeutic reasoning and prescribing, and provides a six-step guide for students to the process of rational prescribing.MethodWe reviewed the need to update both WHO publications by evaluating their use and impact, including new (theoretical) insights and demands. Based on information from literature, Internet, and other (personal) sources, we draw the following conclusions.Results1. An update of the GGP and TGGP, both in terms of content and form, is necessary because of the current need for these tools (irrational medicine use and unavailability of medicines), the lack of similar documents, and the lack of connection with recent developments, such as Internet and modern education; 2. The basic (6-step) model of the GGP is effective in terms of rational prescribing in the undergraduate situation and is still consistent with current theories about (context) learning, clinical decision-making, and clinical practice; 3. The dissemination and introduction of the GGP and TGGP in education has been successful so far, but is still not optimal because of lack of support and cooperation.ConclusionsOn the basis of the evaluation results, a plan for the revision of the GGP and TGGP is presented.
Journal Article
Medical education in pharmacogenomics—results from a survey on pharmacogenetic knowledge in healthcare professionals within the European pharmacogenomics clinical implementation project Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics (U-PGx)
Purpose
Due to the diversity within Europe, the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in clinical practice faces specific challenges. In the context of the European pharmacogenomics implementation project “Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics” (U-PGx; funded by the European Commission), we studied the current educational background.
Methods
We developed a questionnaire including 29 questions. It was spread out to healthcare professionals working at the future implementation sites (in Austria, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and Great Britain) of the U-PGx project in preparation of an educational programme. Aim of the survey was to analyse the current educational situation at the implementation sites.
Results
In total, 70 healthcare professionals participated in the survey. Of participants, 84.3% found pharmacogenomics relevant to their current practice, but experience was still rare. More than two-thirds (65.7%) did not order nor recommend a pharmacogenomic test in the past year. This was mainly attributed to not having enough knowledge on pharmacogenomics (40.0%). Needs were identified in application of pharmacogenomics (identifying drugs 41.4%, interpreting test results 37.2%) as well as in underlining mechanisms (better knowledge on drug metabolism 67.1%, better knowledge on basic principles of pharmacogenomics 60.0%).
Conclusions
This study analysed the specific attitudes, experience and education on pharmacogenomics of future users. There was a general positive attitude and interest towards pharmacogenomic testing. However, the grade of own experience, and knowledge about application and interpretation of pharmacogenomics caused uncertainty. Thus, education and training programmes may be helpful for implementation of pharmacogenomics at a homogenous level within Europe.
Journal Article
Preclinical QSP Modeling in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An IQ Consortium Survey Examining the Current Landscape
A cross‐industry survey was conducted to assess the landscape of preclinical quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling within pharmaceutical companies. This article presents the survey results, which provide insights on the current state of preclinical QSP modeling in addition to future opportunities. Our results call attention to the need for an aligned definition and consistent terminology around QSP, yet highlight the broad applicability and benefits preclinical QSP modeling is currently delivering.
Journal Article
Switching from a traditional undergraduate programme in (clinical) pharmacology and therapeutics to a problem-based learning programme
PurposeThe pharmacology and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education during the undergraduate medical curriculum of NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal, was changed from a traditional programme (i.e. discipline-based, lectures) to a problem-based learning (PBL) programme (i.e. integrated, case-based discussions) without an increase in teaching hours. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this change improved the prescribing competencies of final-year medical students.MethodsFinal-year students from both programmes (2015 and 2019) were invited to complete a validated prescribing assessment and questionnaire. The assessment comprised 24 multiple-choice questions in three subdomains (working mechanism, side-effects and interactions/contraindications), and five clinical case scenarios of common diseases. The questionnaire focused on self-reported prescribing confidence, preparedness for future prescribing task and education received.ResultsIn total, 36 (22%) final-year medical students from the traditional programme and 54 (23%) from the PBL programme participated. Overall, students in the PBL programme had significantly higher knowledge scores than students in the traditional programme (76% (SD 9) vs 67% (SD 15); p = 0.002). Additionally, students in the PBL programme made significantly fewer inappropriate therapy choices (p = 0.023) and fewer erroneous prescriptions than did students in the traditional programme (p = 0.27). Students in the PBL programme felt more confident in prescribing, felt better prepared for prescribing as junior doctor and completed more drug prescriptions during their medical training.ConclusionChanging from a traditional programme to an integrated PBL programme in pharmacology and CPT during the undergraduate medical curriculum may improve the prescribing competencies of final-year students.
Journal Article