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"Cloete, Stuart"
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'Before god this was their country:' history and guilt in Stuart Cloete's turning wheels and the Voortrekker monument
2013
It was the seepage of a small, great-hearted people into a continent. Secure in the knowledge that they were the chosen race, certain of their capacity to endure, and forced on by the Boer necessity for space and freedom, they followed rivers to their sources, crossed the great watersheds and followed new rivers; hunting, fighting, and reading the Bible as they wandered. Reprinted by permission of the Institute for the Study of English in Africa
Journal Article
\Before God This Was Their Country:\ History and Guilt in Stuart Cloete's \Turning Wheels\ and the Voortrekker Monument
[...]Turning Wheels lauds the hardships and triumphs of Dutch settlement in South Africa, in passage after passage extolling the strength, boldness, and glory of \"the Afrikaner race,\" while giving insight into Voortrekker psychology and culture.1 Yet the novel was banned in South Africa in 1938, a ban that was only lifted in 1974. [...]I endeavour to show throughout that Turning Wheels contains defensive narratives within its stories, thereby providing a means for readers to deal with feelings of guilt inherent in the continuing violence of a nation built on colonization. Because the monument considers black South Africans of all language groups as competing colonizers, like the British, of empty land, it is not surprising that the frieze also uses scenes of conflict and contact between white settlers and black South Africans, just as with the British, as a way to establish the Voortrekkers as good colonizers. Panel 8, for instance, shows negotiations between the Boers and the indigenous leader Moroka in order to, the Official Guide explains, \"emphasize the peaceful intentions of the Voortrekkers,\" who, in a claim surprisingly at odds with events depicted in the rest of the frieze, \"consistently tried to obtain land from the natives by means of negotiation and not by force of arms\" (46). [...]it is significant that this panel shows negotiations with Morola, who is said to have saved the Voortrekkers after a battle with the Matabele by giving them sustenance and assistance, thus in a way sanctioning their colonizing of that land by enabling their continued existence and settlement.
Journal Article