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Background and objectives: Vitamin+mineral supplement (VMS) and dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread in the general population, but the motivations for such use are poorly known. The prevalence and characteristics of VMS and DS users in Lausanne, Switzerland, were thus assessed. Method: Cross-sectional study was performed including 3249 women and 2937 men (CoLaus study). VMS were defined as single or multivitamin-multimineral preparations. DS included omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, herbal teas, plant or animal extracts and bacterial (Lactobacillus) preparations. Calcium and iron supplements were assessed separately. Results: Twenty-six percent of the subjects reported using VMS or DS. VMS were the most frequently consumed item (16.8%), followed by DS (10%), calcium (6.6%) and iron (1.8%). Women reported a higher consumption than men. In women, VMS, DS and calcium use increased and iron use decreased with age, whereas in men only VMS and calcium intake increased with age. Multivariate analysis showed female gender, being born in Switzerland, increased age, higher education and increased physical activity to be positively related with VMS and DS. On bivariate analysis, VMS and DS users presented more frequently with arthritis, anxiety, depression and osteoporosis, but on multivariate analysis only positive relationships between DS use and anxiety/depression (odds ratio (OR)=1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.16-1.70]) and calcium and osteoporosis (OR=10.6; 95% CI [7.77-14.4]) were found. Conclusion: VMS and DS use is common in the population of Lausanne and associated with a better health profile. Calcium supplements are taken to prevent osteoporosis, whereas the rationale for taking other VMS and DS is unclear.

Objectives Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A1 (anti‐apoA1 IgGs) and its C‐terminal region (cter apoA1) have emerged as an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Cter apoA1 mimetic peptides were shown to reverse the deleterious anti‐apoA1 IgG effects in vitro. We evaluated the association of anti‐cter apoA1 IgGs with overall mortality in the general population and tested the ability of a cter apoA1 mimetic peptide to reverse the anti‐apoA1 IgG‐induced inflammatory response and mortality in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Methods Anti‐cter apoA1 IgGs were measured in serum samples of 6386 participants of the CoLaus study of which 5220 were followed for a median duration of 5.6 years. The primary outcome was overall mortality. The peptide inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) was determined in vitro on HEK‐Blue‐4 and RAW cells. ApoE−/− mice were exposed to 16 weeks of anti‐apoA1IgG passive immunisation with and without peptide co‐incubation. Results Anti‐cter apoA1 IgGs were associated with higher interleukin 6 levels and independently predicted overall mortality; an increase of one standard deviation of anti‐cter apoA1 IgG level was associated with an 18% increase in mortality risk (hazard ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.33; P = 0.009). The cterApoA1 analogue reversed the antibody‐mediated inflammatory response with an IC50 of 1 µm in vitro but did not rescue the significant anti‐apoA1 IgG‐induced mortality rate in vivo (69% vs. 23%, LogRank P = 0.02). Conclusion Anti‐cter apoA1 IgG independently predicts overall mortality in the general population. Despite being effective in vitro, our cter apoA1 analogue did not reverse the anti‐apoA1 IgG‐induced mortality in mice. Our data suggest that these autoantibodies are not readily treatable through cognate peptide immunomodulation. Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A1 (anti‐apoA1 IgGs) have emerged as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in different settings including in the general population and seem to be preferentially oriented against the its C‐terminal region (cterA1) in humans. In this translational work, we extend previous knowledge in the field by demonstrating for the first time that anti‐cterA1 IgGs are independently predictive of premature mortality in a large general population sample of 5220 individuals. Furthermore, we also report that, despite being effective in vitro, our cterA1 analogue did not reverse the significant anti‐apoA1 IgG‐induced mortality in mice.

Objective The present study examined bidirectional effects between salivary cortisol and cognitive functioning over time. Furthermore, the role of the APOE‐ɛ4 allele as a moderator of the associations was investigated. Methods Using a prospective population‐based study, we analyzed data from 752 older adults followed up over 10 years. A random‐intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model was applied to each combination of one cortisol measure (at waking time, 30 min after waking, 11 am, 8 pm, cortisol awakening response, total daily output, and diurnal slope) and one cognitive measure (primary outcome: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes score, CDR‐SB; secondary outcome: Mini‐Mental State Examination) resulting in 14 (7 × 2) models. Results Between‐person effects pointed out that a higher cortisol level at 11 am was associated with increased CDR‐SB scores, and a higher cortisol awakening response was associated with decreased CDR‐SB scores. Within‐person effects indicated that cortisol levels at 11 am and 8 pm, and total daily cortisol output were associated with subsequent lower CDR‐SB scores. The APOE‐ɛ4 allele did not moderate the relationship between cortisol and cognitive functioning. Conclusions Our findings revealed within‐person associations between higher cortisol levels and better cognitive functioning at the subsequent follow‐up, suggesting cortisol protective effects for cognitive decline.