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A coating with thermochromic and photochromic microcapsules can enhance a product’s attractiveness. Different coating processes may affect the performance of coatings. Therefore, the micromorphology, chemical composition, chromatic difference, gloss, hardness, adhesion, impact resistance, roughness, cold liquid resistance, and ultraviolet photooxidation resistance of the surface coating on the metal substrate were assessed by choosing three coating processes. The thermochromic color difference of the coating with photochromic microcapsules in the primer and thermochromic microcapsules in the topcoat changes greatly. When the temperature reached 80 °C, the maximum color difference of the coating was found to be 23.0. The color difference of the coating with the thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was the most obvious, with a color difference of 71.7. The gloss of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the highest, which was found to be 81.7 GU. The coating gloss of thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was found to be 15.6. The mechanical property of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the best—the hardness was found to be 2H, the adhesion was found to be level 1, and the impact resistance was found to be 12.5 kg·cm. The mechanical property of the coating prepared by the other two coating sequences was poor. The coating prepared by the three finishing processes on the metal substrate had sufficient cold liquid resistance, and the gloss of the coating before and after the cold liquid resistance changed slightly. By studying the coating process of thermochromic coating and photochromic coating, a technical reference is provided for creating dual-function intelligent coatings.

Focusing on a variety of coatings, this book provides detailed discussion on preparation, novel techniques, recent developments, and design theories to present the advantages of each function and provide the tools for better product performance and properties. •    Presents advantages and benefits of properties and applications of the novel  coating types •    Includes chapters on specific and novel coatings, like nanocomposite, surface wettability tunable, stimuli-responsive, anti-fouling, antibacterial, self-healing, and structural coloring •    Provides detailed discussion on recent developments in the field as well as current and future perspectives •    Acts as a guide for polymer and materials researchers in optimizing polymer coating properties and increasing product performance

In this paper, photochromic and thermochromic microcapsules were selected. There are three different coating processes: “the primer with the photochromic microcapsules, the topcoat with the thermochromic microcapsules”, “the primer with the thermochromic microcapsules, the topcoat with the photochromic microcapsules”, and “the photochromic and thermochromic microcapsules added into the primer and topcoats” to explore the color-changing effect of the coating on the surface of basswood (Tilia) and the comprehensive properties of the paint film. The optical properties, mechanical properties, cold liquid resistance, and aging resistance of the coating were mainly analyzed. It was concluded that the comprehensive performance of the coating was the best when thermochromic and photochromic microcapsules were mixed on the surface of basswood (Tilia). At a temperature of 80 °C, the color difference reached a maximum of 20.2, and the coating was completely discolored. The color difference of the coating after discoloration under visible light illumination was 56.9. The gloss under the angle of incidence at 60° was 37.4, hardness was 3H, adhesion grade was 1, impact resistance was 10.0 kg·cm, and cold liquid resistance grade was 1. The method of mixing the two microcapsules had better aging resistance. In this paper, the photochromic and thermochromic properties of the coating were studied, and the optimal discoloration of the surface coating of the basswood substrate was solved by different coating processes. This study provided a method for a coating to achieve both photochromic and thermochromic discoloration, broadening the application of discoloration coatings.

While titanium nitride (TiN) coatings are well known for their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties, their wear particle and debris release in orthopedic implants remains a matter of active investigation. This study addresses the efficacy of TiN coatings on CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V alloys to enhance wear resistance and reduce ion release from prosthetic implants. Three different coating variants were utilized: one variant deposited using arc evaporation (Arc) followed by post-treatment, and two variants deposited using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with or without post-treatment. The coatings’ performance was assessed through standard wear testing against ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in bovine serum lubricant, and in the presence of abrasive PMMA bone cement particles in the lubricant. The results indicated that Arc and HiPIMS with post-treatment significantly reduced wear and eliminated detectable metal ion release, suggesting that these coatings could extend implant longevity and minimize adverse biological responses. Further long-term simulator and in vivo studies are recommended to validate these promising findings.

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were modified onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) via dip-coating technique with different nanoparticle sizes, lifting speeds, precursor concentrations, and dipping numbers. Electrodeposition-based electrochromic device with reversible three-state optical transformation (transparent, mirror, and black) was fabricated subsequently by sandwiching a suitable amount of gel electrolyte between modified FTO electrode and flat FTO electrode. Correlation between dip-coating process engineering, morphological features of TiO 2 thin films, i.e., thickness and roughness, as well as performance of electrochromic devices, i.e., optical contrast, switching time, and cycling stability, were investigated. The modified device exhibits high optical contrast of 57%, the short coloration/bleaching switching time of 6 and 20 s, and excellent cycling stability after 1500 cycles of only 27% decrement rate by adjusting dip-coating processes engineering. The results in this study will provide valuable guidance for rational design of the electrochromic device with satisfactory performance.

Zinc-rich primers are among the most promising organic coating systems for improving the corrosion resistance of metals in the marine environment. However, the high zinc content results in poor coating adhesion, high cost, insecurity and pollution. To decrease the zinc dust content, the carbonaceous and polymer conductive additives carbon black (CB), conductive graphite (CG), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polyaniline (PANI) were introduced to partially replace the zinc dust in the primers. A comparative study of the anticorrosion performance of epoxy zinc-rich primer (ZRP) is presented herein to systematically discuss and elaborate on the effects of the different conductive additives. There were no blisters, rust or corrosion products presented on the coatings of the CB-modified series due to the good dispersion and conductivity of nanosized CB clusters, while the zinc corrosion products covered the surface of the MWCNT-modified series samples, which was attributed to the excessive electrical conductivity resulting in high consumption of zinc powder. The lamellar CG provided an additional blocking barrier for the coatings based on the maze effect. The transition from the intrinsic state to the doped state of PANI resulted in corrosion protection for the coatings depending on the cathodic and barrier function. The experimental results suggested that the formula with 2 wt.% CB and 67 wt.% zinc dust had the most promising anticorrosion properties, which was also demonstrated by the high Rct and low CPEdl values calculated according to the equivalent electrical circuit analyses.

The effect of cathodic polarization on the corrosion behavior of alkyd-resin-coated carbon steel with an artificial coating defect was researched using a wire beam electrode (WBE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in both static and flowing simulated solutions. The microscopic morphology and chemical structure of the organic coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to reveal the degradation mechanisms of organic coatings under different polarization potentials. The study found that the failure process of the alkyd coating could be accelerated by cathodic polarization. After 312 h of immersion, the impedance under −1100 mV was one order of magnitude lower than that under the open-circuit potential (OCP). The coating delamination became serious with the negative shifting of polarization potential, and the delamination area ratio under −1100 mV in both static and flowing seawater rose to 23% and 14%, respectively. Interestingly, the flowing condition of the immersion solution that combined with cathodic polarization exhibited a synergistic effect, which could accelerate (in the earlier stage) and then alleviate the delamination of the coating. Furthermore, the results showed that both the diffusion of the corrosion particles and the anodic dissolution reaction of the metal could be significantly affected by cathodic polarization and the flowing condition of the solution, which provides a possible approach to gain insight into the delamination of organic coating.

The explores the cutting-edge technology of polymer coatings.It discusses fundamentals, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and allied applications in fields such as corrosion, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical systems and electronics.

This study presents the corrosion behavior and surface properties of SS304 modified by electrodeposited nickel–cobalt (Ni–Co) alloy coating with cauliflower-shaped micro/nano structures (Ni–Co/SS304) in the simulated PEMFC cathodic environment. The hydrophobicity of the as-prepared Ni–Co alloy coating can be improved simply by low-temperature annealing. The morphology and composition of the Ni–Co/SS304 were analyzed and characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS. The polarization, wettability, and ICR tests were respectively conducted to systemically evaluate the performance of Ni–Co/SS304 in the simulated PEMFC cathode environment. As revealed by the results, the Ni–Co/SS304 can maintain its hydrophobicity under hot-water droplets as high as 80 °C and demonstrates higher conductivity than the bare SS304 substrate before and after polarization (0.6 V vs. SCE, 5 h), which is of great significance to improve the surface hydrophobicity and conductivity of bipolar plates.

This study aims to investigate the improvement of the tribocorrosion properties of WC-TiC-Co substrates by coating them with hard coatings such as AlCrSiN using cathodic arc deposition. WC-TiC-Co is commonly used in the fabrication of machining and cutting tools; however, there are some materials such as titanium or stainless steel that are difficult to work with; furthermore, in aggressive environments or under high temperatures the performance of the machining tools can be affected, and a failure may occur. This coating is intended to ensure the correct performance of the tools in any conditions. The coatings were characterized by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tribocorrosion, tribology and corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the tribocorrosion properties of the samples. Furthermore, mechanical and adhesive properties of the coating were studied using scratch and nanoindentation tests. The results showed improved tribocorrosion properties in the samples combined with good adhesive and mechanical properties. These results show the possibility of using these coated materials in the most demanding cutting and machining applications.