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"Cochlear implants -- History"
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The Artificial Ear
When it was first developed, the cochlear implant was hailed as a \"miracle cure\" for deafness. That relatively few deaf adults seemed to want it was puzzling. The technology was then modified for use with deaf children, 90 percent of whom have hearing parents. Then, controversy struck as the Deaf community overwhelmingly protested the use of the device and procedure. For them, the cochlear implant was not viewed in the context of medical progress and advances in the physiology of hearing, but instead represented the historic oppression of deaf people and of sign languages.
Part ethnography and part historical study,The Artificial Earis based on interviews with researchers who were pivotal in the early development and implementation of the new technology. Through an analysis of the scientific and clinical literature, Stuart Blume reconstructs the history of artificial hearing from its conceptual origins in the 1930s, to the first attempt at cochlear implantation in Paris in the 1950s, and to the widespread clinical application of the \"bionic ear\" since the 1980s.
eBook
Cochlear Implants — Science, Serendipity, and Success
Restoring hearing to people who are too deaf to benefit from hearing aids required an extraordinary, decades-long research endeavor. The 2013 Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award recognizes the contributions of three pioneers of cochlear implantation.
The Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award, announced September 9, recognizes the contributions of three pioneers of cochlear implantation: Graeme Clark, Ingeborg Hochmair, and Blake Wilson. Their collective efforts have transformed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people who would otherwise be deaf.
Deafness impairs quality of life by relentlessly dismantling the machinery of human communication. Ludwig van Beethoven, plagued by deafness, wrote in 1802, “For me there can be no relaxation in human society; no refined conversations, no mutual confidences. I must live quite alone and may creep into society only as often as sheer necessity demands. . . . Such . . .
Journal Article
The multiple-channel cochlear implant: the interface between sound and the central nervous system for hearing, speech, and language in deaf people—a personal perspective
Research showed that the place and temporal coding of sound frequencies could be partly replicated by multiple-channel stimulation
of the auditory nerve. This required safety studies on how to prevent the effects to the cochlea of trauma, electrical stimuli,
biomaterials and middle ear infection. The mechanical properties of an array and mode of stimulation for the place coding
of speech frequencies were determined.
Journal Article
The Cochlear Story
Cochlear Ltd, together with its university partner and many other collaborators, has returned hearing to over 160 000 people thanks to the development of its hearing implant. This book documents the human story behind that development. It delves into the commercial planning and implementation that led to the product's success in an international, highly competitive market, and the human drama that was experienced in achieving it. Chapters are structured around the development of the science. Woven within that structure are the personal and business stories that have enabled successful outcomes in the relatively new age of biomedical engineering. The Cochlear Story aims to put this Australian development on the world map in recognition of Australian medicine, science, technology and business. New from CSIRO PUBLISHING, the Bright Ideas series explores the innovation, application and continuing impact of major scientific inventions throughout history. From the compass to the bionic ear, each book will provide a fascinating and accessible story on a single invention that has changed our everyday lives.
eBook
The evolution of cochlear implant technology and its clinical relevance
The article presents a brief history of the development of the cochlear implant, from its beginnings to the present day. After a short description of the device, it describes the evolution of the technology for three of the top manufacturing companies, from the first model marketed, to the latest. It presents the technological advancements from one model to the next, taking into account the exterior design, processing capabilities and functionality.
Journal Article
Prosthetic Stimulation of the Auditory System with Intraneural Electrodes
Prosthetic electrical stimulation of the auditory system is presently accomplished either via scala tympani electrode arrays or via cochlear nucleus surface electrode arrays. Many of the early cochlear implant studies, however, used electrode arrays placed within the auditory nerve itself — either within the modiolus or within the trunk of the nerve. For many reasons, such intraneural electrode arrays were abandoned in favor of intrascalar arrays. There remain, however, several theoretical and practical reasons why intraneural arrays might be advantageous, and recent developments in electrode technology solve many of the problems posed by early attempts at intraneural stimulation. In this article, we review the history and current status of intraneural auditory stimulation, and present some preliminary results of this mode of stimulation in an animal model.
Journal Article
Auditory Brainstem Implants: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was first developed nearly 40 years ago and provides auditory rehabilitation to patients who are deaf and ineligible for cochlear implant surgery due to abnormalities of the cochlea and cochlear nerve. The aims of the following review are to describe the history of the ABI and innovations leading up to the modern ABI system, as well as highlight areas of future development in implant design.
Journal Article