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Background A proposed risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high occupational physical activity (OPA), which seems to increase blood pressure (BP), in contrast to leisure time physical activity. Increased BP may lead to hypertension that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Exposures to OPA differ across sex and also within occupational group. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations between OPA and LTPA and BP among men and women using compositional data analysis. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study, used data from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. OPA and LTPA were self-reported time spent in light physical activity (LPA) during work = standing or walking work; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during work = heavy manual work; LPA during leisure = light physical activity during leisure; MVPA during leisure = biking or walking as commute to work + daily amount of MVPA during leisure, and sleep. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP; mmHg) was measured during sitting rest. We used linear regression models to investigate the association between OPA and LTPA, expressed as isometric log-ratios, and BP. The models were used to predict the BP for reallocated physical activity (PA) compositions (i.e., theoretically ‘moving’ time from sitting to PA within each domain). Specifically, we predicted the BP for each reallocated PA compositions and calculated the difference in BP between the reallocated compositions and the mean composition. Results In total, 1,334 women and 2,983 men (mean age 55.1 and 52.5 years, respectively) were included in the analyses. About 50% of the women, and 66% of the men, had hypertension. The linear regressions based on the compositional data analysis, showed no association between OPA and LTPA and SBP among women or men. Among men, less time spent sitting and more time spent in LTPA, compared to the mean composition, was associated with a lower DBP (e.g., 60 min less sitting and 60 min more LTPA: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.45 mmHg). Conclusion No association between OPA and LTPA and BP was observed across sexes, except between LTPA and DBP among men. This could be due to information bias and lack of precision in self-reported time use data of PA. Trial registration None.

Background Infertility can cause psychological distress and has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL). There have been no studies investigating the effect of depression on QoL in infertile couples at the dyadic level. This study aimed to investigate the effects of actors’ and partners’ depression on QoL in male-female dyads experiencing infertility using an innovative dyadic analysis approach, the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study on 180 infertile couples in Tehran, Iran, during August-September 2017. Quality of life and depression were assessed using Fertility Quality of Life and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Dyadic data were analyzed by the APIM approach. In this method, actor effect is the impact of a person’s depression on his/her own QoL. Partner effect is the impact of a person’s depression on his/her partner’s QoL. Results Results from APIM revealed that both males and females’ depression exuded an actor effect on their own QoL (β = − 0.589, p  < 0.001; β = − 0.588, p  < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, males’ depression exuded a significant partner effect on their wives’ QoL (β = − 0.128, p  = 0.030). Although the partner effect of females’ depression on males’ QoL was not statistically significant (β = − 0.108, P  = 0.070), males whose wives had higher depression were more to indicate their own QoL was poorer. Based on equality constraint test, both actor and partner effects of depression on QoL were similar between males and females. Conclusions The findings suggest that QoL in infertile patients was influenced by not only their own depression but also their spouses’ depression; therefore, interventions to improve QoL should include both males and females.

Family members of a loved-one with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) experience much stress and other adverse impacts, especially those that are frontline caregivers and therefore most proximal to AUD. Previous research has shown such family members experience altered functioning of the prefrontal cortex in response to images of their loved-one, and these responses have similarities to brain responses to alcohol cues for a person with AUD. The current study aimed to expand this research by examining whole-brain functional activation of family members’ brains. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activation responses of 10 family members with a loved-one with diagnosed AUD, as well as that of 10 control group participants, during an event-related research paradigm. Results from Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) indicated significant activation in the left hippocampus and left amygdala for family members of an AUD loved-one, and this activation was significantly greater than that of a control group. These two subcortical regions play a role in the reward network and their activation found in this study may be associated with a reward-based “approach” response – drawing further parallels between the functioning of the impacted family member’s brain and that of the brain of someone with AUD. This understanding influences how clinicians might provide services to family members of those with AUD.

Early identification of symptoms and accurate diagnoses are necessary for referrals to intervention programs, diagnostic conceptualization, treatment planning, recovery, pharmacotherapy decision-making, improvement in prognosis, functional capacity, and possible prevention of the emergence of full diagnostic disorders. Different symptom profiles have been shown to have more efficacious treatment approaches than others; however, differential diagnoses can be complicated when psychosis-like symptoms first start to emerge. Thus, learning how to differentiate between clinical high risk for psychosis, borderline personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder to determine if a singular diagnosis or multiple comorbid diagnoses are necessary to improve patient care and treatment outcomes. [Psychiatr Ann. 2023;53(5):204–208.]

The present study employed a network analysis approach to explore interrelationships among love addiction, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and interpersonal dependence. The sample included 80 couples ( N  = 160) in romantic relationships, assessed longitudinally through online self-reports at the study's initiation and three months later. The findings revealed that attachment anxiety correlated strongly with low self-confidence, attachment avoidance related to autonomy, and love addiction showed a positive association with emotional dependence but a negative association with attachment avoidance. These findings underscore the associations among love addiction, insecure attachment patterns, and dimensions of interpersonal dependence. Addressing the core link between love addiction and insecure attachment patterns may enhance the psychological well-being of both partners in a couple.

Reducing family accommodation (FA) may be beneficial in cases of childhood anxiety disorders. Assessment of FA has so far relied on single-informant maternal report, which may be biased by factors including maternal anxiety. We compared child and mother reports of FA, and examined whether maternal anxiety moderates the association between mother and child report. Participants were fifty children with primary DSM-5 anxiety disorders, and their mothers. Mother–child agreement was good for overall FA and moderate for subdomains of FA. Mothers reported significantly more FA than children. Maternal anxiety moderated the association between mother and child report of FA, such that the correlation was stronger in more anxious mothers. Children agreed that FA helps them feel less anxious and did not agree that parents should accommodate less. FA is an important clinical characteristic of childhood anxiety disorders and assessment can be enhanced through child report and consideration of maternal anxiety.

A new volume in the bestselling Pocket Notebook series, Pocket Addiction Medicine delivers highly relevant coverage of this widespread and increasing health care problem in an easily portable source.Edited by physician leaders in Addiction Medicine, Drs.Sarah E.Wakeman, Joshua D.

Rates of drug use among gay men are higher than their heterosexual counterparts and drug use is a prominent risk factor for HIV transmission. Studies using heterosexual samples have found that being partnered reduces the risk of drug use and individuals in a relationship tend to have similar use patterns. Studies among gay men suggest that sexual agreements may be an important predictor of drug use. Data from 322 partnered gay men were collected and the 161 matched couples were categorized as monogamous (52.8 %), monogamish (14.9 %), open (13.0 %), and discrepant (19.3 %). Patterns of significance and significant trends suggested that monogamous men reported lower rates of marijuana and other drug use compared to open and monogamish men. Men in discrepant relationships did not differ from any other group. Partners’ marijuana and other drug use was significantly interdependent in the overall sample; however, substantial variation in the magnitude and significance of interdependence was observed across sexual arrangement categories. Sexual arrangement and the use of drugs during sex both contributed to the prediction of UAI with casual partners among non-monogamous men. Implications for substance use treatment and HIV prevention are discussed.