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Coeds ruining the nation : women, education, and social change in postwar Japanese media
\"In the late 1800s, Japan introduced a new, sex-segregated educational system. Boys would be prepared to enter a rapidly modernizing public sphere, while girls trained to become \"good wives and wise mothers\" who would contribute to the nation by supporting their husbands and nurturing the next generation of imperial subjects. When this system was replaced by a coeducational model during the American Occupation following World War II, adults raised with gender-specific standards were afraid coeducation would cause \"moral problems\"--even societal collapse. By contrast, young people generally greeted coeducation with greater composure. This is the first book in English to explore the arguments for and against coeducation as presented in newspaper and magazine articles, cartoons, student-authored school newsletters, and roundtable discussions published in the Japanese press as these reforms were being implemented. It complicates the notion of the postwar years as a moment of rupture, highlighting prewar experiments with coeducation that belied objections that the practice was a foreign imposition and therefore \"unnatural\" for Japanese culture. It also illustrates a remarkable degree of continuity between prewar and postwar models of femininity, arguing that Occupation-era guarantees of equal educational opportunity were ultimately repurposed toward a gendered division of labor that underwrote the postwar project of economic recovery\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Influence of Gender on Early School Dropout
Studies on early school dropout point to the influence of personal, school, and social factors on the intention to continue or leave the educational system, which can sometimes be mediated by a gender-differential socialization. The main objective of this study was to determine if the gender moderator variable influences the determining aspects of premature dropout, and, if so, in what directionality and intensity. To this end, following a systematic literature review, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed, which underwent an exhaustive process of validity and reliability through Delphi method and exploratory factor analysis, prior to the development of a confirmatory factor analysis to verify measurement invariance. The sample consisted of a total of 1,157 Spanish students enrolled in the fourth year of Secondary Education, Learning and Performance Improvement Programs, the first year of a Middle Grade Training Cycle, Basic Vocational Training, Therapeutic-Educational Classrooms, and Socio-Educational Inclusion Classrooms. Data analysis was carried out through a descriptive study, complemented by a multigroup correlational analysis. The results show a lower intention of students of the feminine gender to drop out of studies, coupled with a greater perception of the usefulness of studies and a higher appreciation that the effort required for academic achievement is necessary. However, lower scores are found in the perception of academic efficacy compared to their peers of the masculine gender, despite having higher grades. These results may be explained by the greater need for training among individuals of the feminine gender to access the labor market, better adaptation to the school context, and a gender-differential socialization that influences academic aspects.
Journal Article
Reparation and reconciliation : the rise and fall of integrated higher education
\"This is the first book to reveal the nineteenth-century struggle for racial integration on U.S. college campuses. As the Civil War ended, the need to heal the scars of slavery, expand the middle class, and reunite the nation engendered a dramatic interest in higher education by policy makers, voluntary associations, and African Americans more broadly. Formed in 1846 by Protestant abolitionists, the American Missionary Association united a network of colleges open to all, designed especially to educate African American and white students together, both male and female. Case studies at three colleges--Berea College, Oberlin College, and Howard University--reveal the strategies administrators used and the challenges they faced as higher education quickly developed as a competitive social field\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book