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Difficulties with higher-order cognitive functions in youth are a potentially important vulnerability factor for the emergence of problematic behaviors and a range of psychopathologies. This study examined 2013 9–10 year olds in the first data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development 21-site consortium study in order to identify resting state functional connectivity patterns that predict individual-differences in three domains of higher-order cognitive functions: General Ability, Speed/Flexibility, and Learning/Memory. For General Ability scores in particular, we observed consistent cross-site generalizability, with statistically significant predictions in 14 out of 15 held-out sites. These results survived several tests for robustness including replication in split-half analysis and in a low head motion subsample. We additionally found that connectivity patterns involving task control networks and default mode network were prominently implicated in predicting differences in General Ability across participants. These findings demonstrate that resting state connectivity can be leveraged to produce generalizable markers of neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, they highlight the importance of task control-default mode network interconnections as a major locus of individual differences in cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive dual-tasking on gait initiation and sit-to-walk. Twenty-eight healthy young adults performed gait initiation and sit-to-walk under two conditions: while engaging in serial subtraction (dual-task) and without any additional task (single-task). Motion data were collected using a 10-camera optoelectronic motion capture system, synchronized with force plates and surface electromyography. We analyzed spatiotemporal parameters, center of mass displacement, center of pressure trajectory, and lower limb muscle activation patterns. We found that dual-task conditions significantly affected both gait initiation and sit-to-walk patterns, increasing the duration of transitions and mediolateral center of mass displacements, while reducing vertical center of mass displacements and forward propulsion. We also observed a more constrained and less efficient center of pressure path, with reduced posterior displacement during the weight shift phase. Muscle activation, particularly in the tibialis anterior and biceps femoris, decreased during dual-task conditions, indicating altered neuromuscular strategies. These findings suggest a shift in postural control demands and motor performance during dual-task transitions.

\"An inside-out guide to the emerging adolescent mind, ages 12-24\"--Jacket.

The increasing complexity of the modern financial landscape presents significant challenges for individuals’ financial well-being. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between cognitive ability and financial well-being by utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, which follows a sample of 13,000 individuals from birth in 1970 to the present day. Our objective is to examine the functional form of this relationship while controlling for factors such as childhood socio-economic status and adult income. Previous research has established a correlation between cognitive ability and financial well-being, but has implicitly assumed a linear relationship. Our analyses indicate that the majority of the relationships between cognitive ability and financial variables are monotonic. However, we also observe non-monotonic relationships, particularly for credit usage, suggesting a curvilinear relationship where both lower and higher levels of cognitive ability are associated with lower levels of debt. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of cognitive ability in financial well-being and for financial education and policy, as the complexity of the modern financial landscape poses significant challenges for individuals’ financial well-being. As financial complexity is increasing and cognitive ability is a key predictor of knowledge acquisition, misspecifying the true relationship between cognitive ability and financial outcomes leads to an undervaluation of the role of cognitive ability for financial well-being.

Adolescence constitutes a critical period for the development of depression and cognitive emotional regulation strategies. Research has shown that cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) are strongly associated with depression in adolescents. Yet, previous studies have given little attention to the possibility that multiple depressive symptoms may concurrently and prospectively interplay with various CERS and ignored the clinical heterogeneity and varying connections among distinct depressive symptoms. This study employed a longitudinal cross-lagged panel network analysis to examine the relations within depressive symptoms and within CERS as well the directional relations between different depressive symptoms and CERS across time among Chinese adolescents ( N  = 447, mean age = 13.86, 51% boys ). Depressive symptoms and CERS were assessed at three time points spaced six months apart. A replicated network of T2 predicting T3 was estimated to assess the replicability of the network. Two depressive symptoms, depressed/sad mood and concentration difficulties influenced the CERS nodes the most from T1 to T2, and further depressed/sad mood at T1 could best predict catastrophizing strategy at T2. In addition, feeling of worthlessness and fatigue had the greatest effect on CERS nodes from T2 to T3. Moderate replicability was observed between the original network and the replication network. The directionality of relationships between specific depressive symptoms and CERS in adolescents was established, which in part supports the Scar Theory and provides insights into mental health interventions for adolescents.

All teens today, born after 2000, were thrust into a world with challenges and opportunities non-existent for previous generations. The compelling natures of the internet and social media, combined with the accelerated accumulation of information and changing facts, place exceedingly high demands on their brains' still developing critical control centers. Without guided opportunities, though, their brains will not achieve adequate capability to develop these control centers until their late twenties or beyond. While this book is for teens, it is parents, dedicated to their children's success, who will guide them to the book's resources so they can develop the brain circuits they need now, instead delaying a further ten years. Teens will enjoy learning about the neuroscience describing how their brains learn best and then choosing the activities they like, to activate their brain's neuroplasticity to build their essential control networks now. Through the activities and keys in this book, they will assume the drivers' seats as they boost their focus, organization, planning, motivated effort, thoughtful decision making, emotional self-regulation, and memory construction. As teens build the brains they want by using the guided skills they choose, they will embark on the path to achieving their highest potentials, effectively and joyfully.

Background Adolescence is a period marked by emotional volatility, interpersonal vulnerability, and underdeveloped cognitive control, making youths especially susceptible to non-suicidal self-injury. Distinct forms of NSSI may differ in psychological function and clinical relevance. This study is the first to employ network analysis with dual network models to examine the complex interplay among emotion regulation, interpersonal sensitivity, cognitive insight, and 18 specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents. The primary goal was to identify key psychological nodes and central NSSI behaviors within the network structure to inform more targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Methods A total of 5572 adolescents (ages 12–18; 53.9% male) from three urban secondary schools in Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, participated in self-report surveys conducted between September and November 2023. Standardized and previously validated instruments were used to assess NSSI behaviors, emotion regulation, interpersonal sensitivity, and cognitive insight. Network analysis using mixed graphical models and LASSO regularization was conducted to identify central and bridging nodes across binary-level and symptom-level NSSI networks. Results Network analysis revealed robust interconnections between emotion regulation, interpersonal sensitivity, cognitive insight, and various NSSI behaviors. In the binary-level network, the fragile inner-self (strength = 1.5) dimension of interpersonal sensitivity exhibited the highest strength, while cognitive reappraisal(bridge strength = 0.88) and expressive suppression(bridge strength = 0.73) showed the strongest bridge strength. Self-reflection was directly associated with NSSI behaviors, and self-certainty was linked to both emotion regulation and interpersonal sensitivity. In the symptom-level network, the most central NSSI behaviors included deliberately scraping the skin to cause bleeding, tying objects around the body, punching hard surfaces, banging the head, and cutting the skin. Fragile inner-self (bridge strength = 0.79) emerged as the strongest bridge node in this network. Conclusions This study suggests that emotion regulation, interpersonal sensitivity and cognitive insight are closely associated with adolescent NSSI behaviors, highlighting their potential relevance for intervention strategies.