Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
4,154
result(s) for
"Collective Representation"
Sort by:
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF LITHUANIAN WORKS COUNCILS
This article reviews assumptions that determined the introduction of works councils into Lithuanian labor law, analyses changes in their legal status, identifies practical problems related to the creation and operation of works councils, and pays special attention to the problems of works councils in civil service. One of the main goals of the legalization of works councils in Lithuania was to ensure the implementation of collective rights for those employees who do not want to belong to trade unions. That is why Lithuanian works councils were given extremely broad powers of collective representation of employees at the employer level on 1 July 2017, without making a real distinction between works councils and trade unions. After the entry into force of the 2017 Labor Code, works councils lost the right to conclude collective agreements at the employer level and to initiate a collective labor dispute due to interest, thus the collective rights of employees were essentially narrowed. Nevertheless, such regulation is seen as a legitimate means of social engineering. In this article, it is concluded that in order to ensure the effective implementation of the rule of mandatory collective representation of employees not only should legal effects be applied, but soft pressure measures should also be used. Implementation of the latter measures directly depends on the activity of employees in exercising their rights to vote in works councils. After assessing peculiarities of the legal status of civil servants, it is proposed to apply the legal norms regulating the institute of works councils in civil service mutatis mutandis, adjusting the court practice formed on this issue accordingly.
Journal Article
WHO BECOMES A POLITICIAN?
Can a democracy attract competent leaders, while attaining broad representation? Economic models suggest that free-riding incentives and lower opportunity costs give the less competent a comparative advantage at entering political life. Moreover, if elites have more human capital, selecting on competence may lead to uneven representation. This article examines patterns of political selection among the universe of municipal politicians and national legislators in Sweden, using extraordinarily rich data on competence traits and social background for the entire population. We document four new facts that together characterize an “inclusive meritocracy.” First, politicians are on average significantly smarter and better leaders than the population they represent. Second, this positive selection is present even when conditioning on family (and hence social) background, suggesting that individual competence is key for selection. Third, the representation of social background, whether measured by parental earnings or occupational social class, is remarkably even. Fourth, there is at best a weak trade-off in selection between competence and social representation, mainly due to strong positive selection of politicians of low (parental) socioeconomic status. A broad implication of these facts is that it is possible for democracy to generate competent and socially representative leadership.
Journal Article
Modelscapes of Nationalism
Modelscapes are clusters of miniature architectural models that represent entire environments. They're frequently found in museums as representations of heritage, architecture, and collective identity. This book offers a critical analysis of modelscapes, using case studies from Israel, to show how miniature representations of contested physical space participate in the construction of a sense of national identity and appropriation of the land and its history. What, Yael Padan asks, is the meaning of such models, and what role do they play within the context of an ongoing violent conflict over territory and history?
eBook
On the Knowledge of Politics and the Politics of Knowledge: How a Social Representations Approach Helps Us Rethink the Subject of Political Psychology
Fifty years ago, Serge Moscovici first outlined a theory of social representations. In this article, we attempt to discuss and to contextualize research that has been inspired by this original impetus from the particular angle of its relevance to political psychology. We argue that four defining components of social representations need to be taken into account, and that these elements need to be articulated with insights from the social identity tradition about the centrality of self and group constructions in order to develop original insights into political psychological phenomena. First, social representations are shared knowledge, and the way interpretations of the world are collectively elaborated is critical to the way people are able to act within the world. Second, social representations are meta-knowledge, which implies that what people assume relevant others know, think, or value is part of their own interpretative grid, and that collective behavior can often be influenced more powerfully at the level of meta-representations than of intimate beliefs. Third, social representations are enacted communication, which means that social influence is exerted by the factors that constrain social practices as much as by the discourse that interprets these practices.Fourth, social representations are world-making assumptions: collective understandings do not only reflect existing realities but often bring social reality into being. Put together, these four components provide a distinctive theoretical perspective on power, resistance and conflict. The added conceptual value of this perspective is illustrated by showing how it allows revisiting ethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia. We conclude with implications for research practices and discuss how the proposed model of social representations invites us to define new priorities and challenges for the methods used to study political psychological phenomena.
Journal Article
Modelscapes of Nationalism
Modelscapes are clusters of miniature architectural models that represent entire environments. They are frequently found in museums as representations of heritage, architecture, and collective identity. Modelscapes of Nationalism: Collective Memories and Future Visions offers a critical analysis of modelscapes, using case studies from Israel, to show how miniature representations of contested physical space participate in the construction of a sense of national identity and collective memory. What, Yael Padan asks, is the meaning of such models, and what role do they play within the context of an ongoing violent conflict over territory and history?
eBook
Appropriators not Position Takers: The Distorting Effects of Electoral Incentives on Congressional Representation
Congressional districts create two levels of representation. Studies of representation focus on a disaggregated level: the electoral connection between representatives and constituents. But there is a collective level of representation—the result of aggregating across representatives. This article uses new measures of home styles to demonstrate that responsiveness to constituents can have negative consequences for collective representation. The electoral connection causes marginal representatives—legislators with districts composed of the other party's partisans—to emphasize appropriations in their home styles. But it causes aligned representatives—those with districts filled with copartisans—to build their home styles around position taking. Aggregated across representatives, this results in an artificial polarization in stated party positions: aligned representatives, who tend to be ideologically extreme, dominate policy debates. The logic and evidence in this article provide an explanation for the apparent rise in vitriolic debate, and the new measures facilitate a literature on home styles.
Journal Article
Understanding Priming Effects in Social Psychology: What is “Social Priming” and How does it Occur?
How incidentally activated social representations affect subsequent thoughts and behaviors has long interested social psychologists. However, such priming effects have recently provoked debate and skepticism. This opening article of the special issue of Social Cognition on understanding priming effects in social psychology identifies two general sources of skepticism: 1) insufficient appreciation for the range of phenomena that involve priming, and 2) insufficient appreciation for the mechanisms through which priming occurs. To improve such appreciation, while previewing the other contributions to the special issue, this article provides a brief history of priming research that details the diverse findings any notion of \"social priming\" must encompass and reviews developments in understanding what psychological processes explain these findings. Thus, moving beyond debates about the strength of the empirical evidence for priming effects, this special issue examines the theoretical challenges researchers must overcome for further advances in priming research and considers how these challenges can be met.
Journal Article