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The Last Of The Virgins
Evelyn Ndangeh, a pretty Cameroonian teenager brought up in a strict Christian home, vows to preserve her maidenhood until she gets married to a man she truly loves. While in Our Lady of Lourdes College Mankon, she is approached by Lesley Njapa a student of Cameroon Protestant College Bali, after a student of CCAST Bambili. Evelyn turns him down only to find later that she can't stay alone without a man who must be none other than Lesley. Evelyn begins frantic moves to entice Lesley but on meeting him it seems too late though she gets close to his heart. Tragedy strikes when Lesley is involved in a motor accident. Evelyn arrives Bamenda general hospital wailing and settles beside Lesley to console and comfort him in his agony. Anxiety builds up to a crescendo and a medical team is mobilised to save Lesley's life.
eBook
Prevalence and determinants of burnout among staff of the university of Dschang: a cross-sectional study in a Sub-Saharan university
Background
Burnout results from prolonged exposure to chronic work-related stressors. Studies carried out on this syndrome around the world report a high prevalence among education professions. The scarcity of data on this subject in Cameroon motivated us to carry out this study at the University of Dschang. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the determinants of burnout among staff at the University of Dschang.
Methods
This study was conducted in two parts: the first part was descriptive, while the second was analytical (a nested case-control study) and took place from January to May 2024. We distributed a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and professional data, assess psychological well-being (using the comprehensive KARASEK and SIEGRIST questionnaires), and evaluate burnout (using the MASLACH scale) to staff members who consented to participate. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23 software, and chi-square test and Student’s t- tests were carried out to identify associated factors. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
We included 322 staff members out of 884, representing a response rate of 36.4%. The median age was 40 (IQR 35–48) years. More than 1/3 had administrative responsibility. Furthermore, 32.8% of staff were experiencing on jobstrain, and 47% did not have social support. The prevalence of burnout was 59.6%, including 75.5% mild burnout, 17.7% moderate burnout and 6.8% severe burnout. Associations were found with the lack of social support (ORa = 2.21; 95% CI [1.30–3.78],
p
= 0.003), the presence of administrative responsibility (ORa = 2.63; 95% CI [1.52–4.56],
p
= 0.001). More than half of the teaching staff were overworked. Lack of leisure time, insufficient sleep duration and work overload were not associated with burnout.
Conclusion
The majority (59.6%) of the staff at the University of Dschang experienced burnout. This was associated with having administrative responsibility and lacking of social support. Staff support measures are recommended.
Journal Article
Substance use and generalized anxiety disorder in university students: evidence from the university of Douala, Cameroon
Background
University students are vulnerable to mental health disorders, including substance use disorder (SUD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, data on the association between SUD and GAD in African university settings remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SUD and GAD and to explore their relationship among students at the University of Douala, Cameroon.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from March 1 to May 31, 2024. Participants were level 1 to level 5 students recruited using non-probability sampling. SUD was diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria via a self-administered questionnaire, and GAD was assessed using the GAD-7 scale. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Among the 917 students included (54.8% female), the prevalence of SUD was 15.7% and that of GAD was 26.4%. GAD was present in 45.8% of students with SUD. SUD was significantly associated with GAD (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.99–4.15;
p
< 0.001). Male gender (OR = 1.96;
p
= 0.001), history of psychiatric disorders (OR = 3.69;
p
< 0.01), and living alone (OR = 3.45;
p
< 0.01) were also significantly associated with the co-occurrence of both disorders.
Conclusion
SUD and GAD are both prevalent among university students, with a significant association between the two conditions. Students with SUD were nearly three times more likely to report symptoms of GAD. These findings highlight the importance of integrated screening and mental health support strategies targeting both disorders in university settings.
Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Journal Article
Prevalence and predictors of recreational drug use among medical and nursing students in Cameroon: a cross sectional analysis
Objective
Medical and nursing students in Cameroon are likely to have mental health problems given the stressful nature of their studies. Paucity of mental health institutions in the country implies they hardly get access to professional help when needed and are obliged to develop coping strategies such as recreational drug use. This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of recreational drug use among a group of Cameroonian medical and nursing students.
Results
Cross-sectional analysis of 852 medical and nursing students (mean age 21.78 ± 3.14, 31.49% males) recruited by convenience sampling from three state-owned medical schools; and from two state-owned and two private nursing schools in Cameroon over a four-month period (January–April 2018). Information was collected via a printed self-administered and structured questionnaire from consenting students. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of recreational drug use. The overall prevalence of recreational drug use was 1.64% with tramadol and marijuana noted as the drugs used by these students. Independent predictors of recreational drug use were: presence of a chronic illness (OR 5.26; 95% CI 1.32, 20.97; p = 0.019), alcohol consumption (OR 5.08; 95% CI 1.54, 16.73; p = 0.008) and Total Oldenburg Burnout Inventory score (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; p = 0.021). The use of recreational drugs by medical and nursing students in Cameroon remains worrisome despite its very low prevalence, as it may negatively impact their performance and health.
Journal Article
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and associated risk factors during the second wave of infection in a university community in Cameroon
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a public health emergency in all sectors of society, including universities and other academic institutions in Cameroon. However, little is known concerning the real prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections among student communities during the second wave of infection in Cameroon. This study aimed to estimate SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies seroprevalence among participants in a university community in Cameroon. Methodology A cross‐sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021 in 547 students aged ≥18 years during a mass diagnostic campaign at the School of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Central Africa (ESS/UCAC). The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody screening was done using the Panbio™ COVID‐19 IgG/IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test. Results The overall seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 27%, of which 89.9% (n = 133) was IgG, 6.7% (n = 10) IgM and 3.4% (n = 5) IgG/IgM positive. The undergraduate students represented 79% (432/547) of the total population and were highly positive with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies 30% (130/432) as compared with postgraduate students 20% (23/115). The total antibody seropositivity was higher in males (34.4%) than females (24.9%). Several factors were associated with an increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence including the male gender (OR: 1.61 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.0–2.4]), specialization to medical laboratory (OR: 2.8 [95% CI 1.1–7.1]) and nursing sciences (OR: 2.6 [95% CI 1.1–6.2]). Conclusion Our findings point to extensive and underreported circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a university community during the second wave of infection in Cameroon, which likely resulted in artificially low case counts.
Journal Article
Awareness and Vaccine Coverage of Hepatitis B among Cameroonian Medical Students
Background. The endemic nature of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Sub-Saharan Africa is a significant public health problem that places health care providers (medical students inclusive) at increased risk of occupational exposure. However vaccination against HBV is not systematic among medical students in Cameroon. Thus, we sought to evaluate awareness and HBV vaccine coverage among medical students in Cameroon. Methods. Using semistructured questionnaire and a cross-sectional approach, medical students from 3 State Universities in Cameroon were evaluated for their knowledge, attitudes, and vaccination status against the HBV. Data were collected over a 3-month period. HBV vaccine status was defined as complete (3 doses), partial (1 and 2 doses), and unvaccinated. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi-info 7. Results. There were 714 respondents among whom 186 (26.05%) had been vaccinated at least once against HBV. Sixty-six (9.24%) were partially vaccinated and 120 (16.81%) completely vaccinated. No student had done postvaccination serologic testing to confirm full immunisation. Eighty-three percent (83.00%) of respondents had adequate knowledge on HBV infection and vaccine, while 90.00% had adequate knowledge on HBV transmission. Most medical students had a positive attitude towards the HBV vaccine. The most common negative attitudes were worries about the side effects and fears of being infected by the vaccine. Conclusion. Despite adequate knowledge on HBV infection and vaccination only about 1 in 6 medical students had completed the HBV vaccination series. This highlights the need for better health policies aimed at increasing access and coverage of the HBV in at-risk populations like medical students.
Journal Article
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Carriage Markers Among Students at the University of Yaoundé II, Cameroon
Cameroon, located in Central Africa, is characterized by a high endemicity of hepatitis B. National studies estimate the prevalence of HBs antigen carriage to range between 8% and 15% in the general population. Identified high-risk groups include adolescents and young adults, among whom university students represent a vulnerable population. The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B viral biomarkers among students at the University of Yaoundé II in Cameroon.
We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study from February 20 to June 20, 2024. Samples were collected at the Soa campus of the University of Yaoundé II. Initial testing was performed using rapid diagnostic tests at the university, followed by ELISA (Fortress Diagnostics) at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé. The detection of anti-HBs, HBe antigen (HBeAg), anti-HBe, and anti-HBc was carried out using the Hightop HBV 5-in-1 rapid test. Data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS Version 25. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio calculations for comparing proportions and logistic regression were used to search for risk factors. The result was significant with a
value less than 5%.
A total of 250 students were tested. HBs antigen was positive in eight students (3.2%). Among these, anti-HBs and HBeAg were absent, while anti-HBe was positive in six out of eight (75.0%) and anti-HBc was positive in all eight cases (100%). Only two students (0.8%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B.
All eight HBsAg-positive students were in the chronic phase of hepatitis B infection. A history of blood transfusion and unprotected sexual intercourse was strongly associated with HBV infection. Vaccination coverage was extremely low, highlighting the need for targeted immunization programs in this population. Educational and awareness efforts regarding transmission routes and preventive measures must be strengthened.
Journal Article
Determinant of University Students’ Choices and Preferences of Agricultural Sub-Sector Engagement in Cameroon
Although the agri-food sector has a huge potential to offer attractive employment opportunities for Africa’s burgeoning youth, a negative perception of agriculture persists among Cameroonian youths, such as in many other African countries. The paper assesses the determinants of university students’ choices and preferences for agricultural sub-sector engagement in Cameroon. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 550 students from two state universities. We used the SWOT analysis to evaluate students’ perceptions of challenges and opportunities within the agricultural sector in Cameroon, the binomial probit analysis to assess the determinants of students’ choices of agriculture as a university major, and an ordered probit analysis to evaluate the determinants of students’ preferences of agricultural sub-sector engagement. Findings reveal that choice of agriculture as a university major is significantly determined by sex, pre-university farming experience, pre-university academic background, mother’s level of education, and household income. Likewise, preference of agricultural sub-sector engagement is significantly determined by the student’s level of study and location of a childhood home. Improving the attractiveness of, and working conditions in, the agricultural sector could increase youth engagement in agribusiness and rural economic activities. The results also reinforce the need to increase household income in Cameroon, as this could lift families out of poverty and offer them more economic opportunities. Policies that regulate levels of education can equally be used to allocate human resources into different agricultural sub-sectors, subject to felt needs.
Journal Article
Admission Process to National Universities in Cameroon — Based on the Application Admission Model
This study analyses the admission process at national universities in Cameroon, highlighting challenges and potential improvements. Data were collected through document analysis and unstructured interviews at the University of Yaoundé I. Findings show significant issues at two stages: the high school graduation examination and university admission. At the high school level, problems include scheduling, content, planning, and result dissemination. University admission faces challenges like imbalanced student distribution, fake diplomas, and pressure on staff in popular fields. The study suggests reforms, such as setting a fixed date for high school exams, improving paper distribution, and adopting automated proofreading to problems on the high school graduation examination stage. At the university level, it recommends stricter verification of documents, adding secondary school transcripts as an admission requirement, forming a national third-party committee, and limiting student numbers per field. Lastly, the study advises Cameroon to learn from successful admission practices in countries like China and South Korea.
Journal Article