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"Common fallacies"
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Myths busted! : just when you thought you knew what you knew--
Full of colorful photographs and funny text, this book includes hundreds of fascinating facts and interesting tidbits that prove you can't believe everything you're told.
Book
Lie Machines
Technology is breaking politics - what can be done about it? Artificially intelligent \"bot\" accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our attention, poison our political conversations, and jeopardize our democracies. With massive amounts of social media and public polling data, and in depth interviews with political consultants, bot writers, and journalists, Philip N. Howard offers ways to take these \"lie machines\" apart. Lie Machines is full of riveting behind the scenes stories from the world's biggest and most damagingly successful misinformation initiatives-including those used in Brexit and U.S. elections. Howard not only shows how these campaigns evolved from older propaganda operations but also exposes their new powers, gives us insight into their effectiveness, and shows us how to shut them down.
eBook
Misinformation and Mass Audiences
Lies and inaccurate information are as old as humanity, but never before have they been so easy to spread. Each moment of every day, the Internet and broadcast media purvey misinformation, either deliberately or accidentally, to a mass audience on subjects ranging from politics to consumer goods to science and medicine, among many others. Because misinformation now has the potential to affect behavior on a massive scale, it is urgently important to understand how it works and what can be done to mitigate its harmful effects. Misinformation and Mass Audiences brings together evidence and ideas from communication research, public health, psychology, political science, environmental studies, and information science to investigate what constitutes misinformation, how it spreads, and how best to counter it. The expert contributors cover such topics as whether and to what extent audiences consciously notice misinformation, the possibilities for audience deception, the ethics of satire in journalism and public affairs programming, the diffusion of rumors, the role of Internet search behavior, and the evolving efforts to counteract misinformation, such as fact-checking programs. The first comprehensive social science volume exploring the prevalence and consequences of, and remedies for, misinformation as a mass communication phenomenon, Misinformation and Mass Audiences will be a crucial resource for students and faculty researching misinformation, policymakers grappling with questions of regulation and prevention, and anyone concerned about this troubling, yet perhaps unavoidable, dimension of current media systems.
eBook
The fact or fiction behind pirates
\"The pirates we see in movies and on TV are very different from those that actually once sailed the seas. This book takes an engaging look at pirate mythology and assigns a 'fact' or 'phony' evaluation to many of the things commonly associated with the swashbuckling sailors. Did pirates really make people 'walk the plank' or carry around treasure maps? Loaded with fact boxes and explanations of how many of these pirate myths originated, readers will love discovering more about real pirates\"-- Publisher website.
Book
Quack Quack
A fun, fast-paced, and evidence-informed exploration of outrageous claims, \"alternative\" therapies, and \"miracle cures\" such as juice cleanses, detoxes, ear candling, raw water, and more. In a world filled with misinformation and twisted science, this is a must-read.
eBook
The fact or fiction behind animals
\"The world is full of amazing animals, but some 'facts' about them often seem too strange to be true. Do goldfish really have short memories? Is cow flatulence really ruining the ozone layer? This book takes a magnifying glass to some of the wildest things people say about animals to find the truth behind the exaggerations, misunderstandings, or even lies we accidentally spread as fact. Fact boxes throughout the book help readers separate the facts from fiction, and entertaining cartoons and illustrations add to the animal fun\"-- Publisher website.
Book
Misinformation and Fake News in Education
This book addresses the threat of misinformation and disinformation in education, providing examples and remedies. It explores factors influencing misinformation endorsement and practices to reduce its impact. Topics include \"zombie concepts,\" cognitive biases, misinformation in ASD education, and teaching critical thinking.
eBook
Processing inaccurate information
Our lives revolve around the acquisition of information. Sometimes the information we acquirefrom other people, from books, or from the medi -- -is wrong. Studies show that people rely on such misinformation, sometimes even when they are aware that the information is inaccurate or invalid. And yet investigations of learning and knowledge acquisition largely ignore encounters with this sort of problematic material. This volume fills the gap, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the processing of misinformation and its consequences. The contributors, from cognitive science and education science, provide analyses that represent a variety of methodologies, theoretical orientations, and fields of expertise. The chapters describe the behavioral consequences of relying on misinformation and outline possible remediations; discuss the cognitive activities that underlie encounters with inaccuracies, investigating why reliance occurs so readily; present theoretical and philosophical considerations of the nature of inaccuracies; and offer formal, empirically driven frameworks that detail when and how inaccuracies will lead to comprehension difficulties.ContributorsContributorsPeter Afflerbach, Patricia A. Alexander, Jessica J. Andrews, Peter Baggetta, Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Bråten, M. Anne Britt, Rainer Bromme, Luke A. Buckland, Clark A. Chinn, Byeong-Young Cho, Sidney K. D'Mello, Andrea A. diSessa, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Arthur C. Graesser, Douglas J. Hacker, Brenda Hannon, Xiangen Hu, Maj-Britt Isberner, Koto Ishiwa, Matthew E. Jacovina, Panayiota Kendeou, Jong-Yun Kim, Stephan Lewandowsky, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Ruth Mayo, Keith K. Millis, Edward J. O'Brien, Herre van Oostendorp, José Otero, David N. Rapp, Tobias Richter, Ronald W. Rinehart, Yaacov Schul, Colleen M. Seifert, Marc Stadtler, Brent Steffens, Helge I. Strømsø, Briony Swire, Sharda Umanath
eBook