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"Common sense"
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The Cambridge companion to common-sense philosophy
\"Broadly speaking, there are two contrasting attitudes towards common sense prevalent in ancient Greek philosophy. On the one hand, there is a dismissive attitude: common sense, understood as what people in general routinely think, is regarded as simply misguided and out of touch with the way things really are. On the other hand, there is a tendency to regard human beings as such as having cognitive capacities that can afford them correct insights - if only they will let these capacities operate as they could or should, without being distracted or misled by various factors that throw them off course. Although these two attitudes are in a clear tension with one another, we frequently find them together in the same philosophers. Indeed, it is not too much to say that we find both strands present, to varying degrees, almost throughout the history of Greek philosophy. Perhaps this is not surprising, at least as regards the early period\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Illness perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and intention of performing clinical diagnostic examination for OSA in Chinese older adults
Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent, under-detected, but preventable among older adults. The Common Sense Model of Illness postulates that illness representations are associated with coping and behavioural outcomes. This study investigated the associations between illness representations of OSA and behavioral intention of clinical diagnostic examination for OSA (BICDE-OSA) under two conditional/unconditional situations, stratified by high-risk versus low-risk OSA.
Methods
A random population-based telephone survey interviewed 945 Chinese people aged ≥ 50 years without OSA diagnosis in the Hong Kong general population from February to November 2021.
Results
The prevalence of unconditional BICDE-OSA based on the participants’ current sleep situation was only 5.3%; that of conditional BICDE-OSA based on the hypothetical situation of having OSA was 54.3%. Significantly higher prevalence of conditional BICDE-OSA was found in the high-risk than the low-risk of OSA groups (64.4% versus 52.9%;
p
< 0.05); no significant between-group difference in unconditional BICDE-OSA was found. Illness representations of timeline chronic, timeline cyclical, consequences, and emotional representation were significantly associated with both conditional/unconditional BICDE-OSA (adjusted for background factors); illness coherence was significantly associated with conditional BICDE-OSA but not with unconditional BICDE-OSA.
Conclusions
High proportions of older people did not indicate conditional/unconditional BICDE-OSA, possibly resulting in low detection and treatment rates. As OSA was prevalent in the study population and the unconditional group showed a much higher prevalence of BICDE-OSA than the conditional group, the prevalence of BICID-OSA might increase if the high-risk people are made aware of their risk. Interventions modifying illness representations may be considered.
Journal Article
Are Common Sense Model constructs and self-efficacy simultaneously correlated with self-management behaviors and health outcomes: A systematic review
This systematic review answered two questions among adults with chronic conditions: When included in the same statistical model, are Common Sense Model constructs and self-efficacy both associated with (1) self-management behaviors and (2) health outcomes? We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and included 29 articles. When included in the same statistical model, Common Sense Model constructs and self-efficacy were both correlated with outcomes. Self-efficacy was more consistently associated with self-management behaviors, and Common Sense Model constructs were more consistently associated with health outcomes. Findings support the continued inclusion and integration of both frameworks to understand and/or improve chronic illness self-management and outcomes.
Journal Article
Everything is obvious : once you know the answer
Discusses how the concept of common sense is inadequate in an increasingly complex world and draws on multiple disciplines to offer insight into the sources of such topics as popularity, economics, and self-deception.
Book
“One time I fell, but I didn’t have to cry.” A qualitative study on everyday physical complaints in children
Objective
Young children experience physical complaints, like abdominal pain or minor injuries from playing, almost every day. These experiences may shape how they deal with health issues later in life. While models exist to explain illness perception in adults, information is lacking on the perspective of young children. This qualitative study aimed to explore important themes in the experience of everyday physical complaints in four- and five-year-old children, using children as informants.
Study design
30 semi-structured interviews were performed in which four- and five-year-old children were questioned about their experiences with everyday physical complaints. The interviews were double coded using Atlas.ti and subsequently qualitative content analysis was used to define themes.
Results
All participating children were able to elaborate on their experiences with physical complaints. Three themes emerged from the interviews: causes of complaints, appraisal of complaints, and implications of complaints. In their appraisal of complaints, four- and five-year-old children made a distinction between visible and invisible complaints and real or pretended complaints.
Conclusion
Four- and five-year-old children can already give details about their experiences with everyday physical complaints. They have developed ideas about the causes and implications of complaints and try to make an appraisal.
Journal Article
A qualitative research study on the illness perception of chronic pruritus in older Asian adults based on the Common‐Sense Model of self‐regulation
Background Chronic pruritus (CP), itch lasting more than 6 weeks, is common in community‐dwelling older adults. Understanding their illness perception allows the attending physician to develop a personalised care plan to mitigate CP. Aim This study explores the illness perception of CP among older Asian adults in an urban community. Design Qualitative research was conducted, framed by the Common‐Sense Model of self‐regulation (CSM). Through in‐depth interviews (IDIs), qualitative data were gathered from Asian patients with CP, and then a thematic analysis was carried out. The emergent themes were grouped according to the five domains of CSM: ‘identity’, ‘cause’, ‘time’, ‘controllability’ and ‘consequence’. Setting and Patients IDIs were conducted in a Singapore public primary care clinic before the data were saturated. Results The CSM domains illustrate the illness perception of CP. CP was identified as a ‘problem’ rather than a disease and was often described in metaphor. Patients' perception of the cause was diverse due to the lack of provision of a clear explanation by their physicians. They opined that CP continued indefinitely. Without definite time to resolution, patients adapted their help‐ and health‐seeking behaviours to control it. The consequences included therapeutic experimentation, alternative therapy, self‐isolation, avoidance behaviours, emotional disturbance and dermatological complications. Conclusion and Patient Contribution Patients provided information on their perception of CP, which aligned with the CSM. A multipronged approach is needed to deliver holistic and personalised care to patients with CP, providing clarity on its natural progression, to set their expectations on its timeline, treatment effectiveness and undertake appropriate behaviour modification to adapt to its chronicity.
Journal Article
Ethical Judgment and Radical Business Changes: The Role of Entrepreneurial Perspicacity
This study examines the implications of practical reason for entrepreneurial activities. Our study is based on Thomas Aquinas' interpretation of such virtue, with a particular focus on the partition of practical reason in potential parts such as synesis, or common sense, and gnome, or perspicacity. Since entrepreneurial acts and actions deal with extremely uncertain situations, we argue that only this perspicacity, as the ability of correctly judging in exceptional cases, has the power to find wisdom under such blurred conditions. Perspicacity frees entrepreneurs from their cognitive schemata rendering them able to be truly entrepreneurial. Based on this vision and thanks to a semantic analysis of the meaning of the Greek word gnome, we construct an interpretative model for entrepreneurial judgment composed of three dimensions, specifically, knowledge-cognitive, external-affective and personal-reflective. The model highlights how a 'successful' entrepreneurial judgment is also such from a holistic point of view.
Journal Article