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"Communicable Disease Control - history"
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Have bacteria won?
Today, we are far less likely to die from infection than at any other time in history, but still we worry about epidemics, the menace of antibiotic resistance and modern \"plagues\" like Ebola. In this timely new book, eminent bacteriologist Hugh Pennington explores why these fears remain and why they are unfounded. He reports on outright victories (such as smallpox), battles where the enemy is on its last stand (polio), surprise attacks from vegetarian bats (Ebola, SARS) and demented cows (BSE). Qualified optimism, he argues, is the message for the future but the battles will go on forever. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
The great stink of Paris and the nineteenth-century struggle against filth and germs
Explores the scientific and social factors that continue to influence the public's lingering uncertainty over how disease can—and cannot—be spread.
Late in the summer of 1880, a wave of odors enveloped large portions of Paris. As the stench lingered, outraged residents feared that the foul air would breed an epidemic. Fifteen years later—when the City of Light was in the grips of another Great Stink—the public conversation about health and disease had changed dramatically. Parisians held their noses and protested, but this time few feared that the odors would spread disease.
Historian David S. Barnes examines the birth of a new microbe-centered science of public health during the 1880s and 1890s, when the germ theory of disease burst into public consciousness. Tracing a series of developments in French science, medicine, politics, and culture, Barnes reveals how the science and practice of public health changed during the heyday of the Bacteriological Revolution.
Despite its many innovations, however, the new science of germs did not entirely sweep away the older \"sanitarian\" view of public health. The longstanding conviction that disease could be traced to filthy people, places, and substances remained strong, even as it was translated into the language of bacteriology. Ultimately, the attitudes of physicians and the French public were shaped by political struggles between republicans and the clergy, by aggressive efforts to educate and \"civilize\" the peasantry, and by long-term shifts in the public's ability to tolerate the odor of bodily substances.
eBook
History in a Crisis — Lessons for Covid-19
The history of human responses to epidemics carries various lessons for our current situation. Two of the more disheartening ones are that stigmatization follows closely on the heels of pathogens and that outbreaks too often claim the lives of health care providers. The article is accompanied by a slide show.
Journal Article
Contagious Diseases in the United States from 1888 to the Present
Using data from digitized weekly surveillance reports of notifiable diseases for U.S. cities and states for 1888 through 2011, the authors derived a quantitative history of disease reduction in the United States, focusing particularly on the effects of vaccination programs.
Public health programs — especially vaccination programs — have led to dramatic declines in the incidence of contagious diseases in the United States over the past century.
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However, some contagious diseases are now on the rise despite the availability of vaccines. Pertussis vaccines have been available since the 1920s, but the worst pertussis epidemic since 1959 occurred in 2012, with more than 38,000 cases nationwide reported by last December.
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Outbreaks of measles also continue to occur, even though a measles vaccine has been licensed in the United States since 1963.
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The current low overall incidence of contagious diseases . . .
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The Perpetual Challenge of Infectious Diseases
During the past 200 years, our understanding of infectious diseases has radically evolved from the identification of microbes, to defining their genetic structure, to the development of focused antimicrobial therapies, to the realization of vector biology. This article highlights the tremendous advances that have been made in the field.
Among the many challenges to health, infectious diseases stand out for their ability to have a profound impact on the human species. Great pandemics and local epidemics alike have influenced the course of wars, determined the fates of nations and empires, and affected the progress of civilization, making infections compelling actors in the drama of human history.
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For 200 years, the
Journal
has captured the backdrop to this human drama in thousands of articles about infectious diseases and about biomedical research and public health efforts to understand, treat, control, and prevent them.
The Uniqueness of Infectious Diseases
Infections have . . .
Journal Article
Between hope and fear : a history of vaccines and human immunity
\"An intelligent and compelling examination of the science of immunity, the public policy implications of vaccine denial, and the real-world outcomes of failing to vaccinate. If you have a child in school, you may have heard stories of long-dormant diseases suddenly reappearing--cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and whooping cough cropping up everywhere from elementary schools to Ivy League universities. How does a small group of people's failure to vaccinate have the potential to affect future generations? Are we at a turning point in medical history, where deadly diseases, once dormant, flourish anew? Will our children face summers of abandoned swimming pools due to polio outbreaks just like our great-grandparents did? Pioneering medical researcher Michael Kinch tells the remarkable story of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in [this book], which explains how the science of immunity actually works and places immunology within the context of its social and political implications. While detailing the history of vaccine invention, from the steppes of Mongolia to the serendipitous connection between cowpox and smallpox, Kinch reveals the ominous reality that our victories against vaccine-preventable diseases are not permanent--and could easily be undone. ... Between Hope and Fear illuminates the fascinating intersection of science, technology, and disease that has helped eradicate many of the deadliest plagues known to man.\"-- Jacket.
Book
A history of FMD research and control programmes in Southeast Asia
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a major animal health problem within Southeast Asia (SEA). Although Indonesia and more recently the Philippines have achieved freedom from FMD, the disease remains endemic on continental SEA. Control of FMD within SEA would increase access to markets in more developed economies and reduce lost productivity in smallholder and emerging commercial farmer settings. However, despite many years of vaccination by individual countries, numerous factors have prevented the successful control of FMD within the region, including unregulated 'informal' transboundary movement of livestock and their products, difficulties implementing vaccination programmes, emergence of new virus topotypes and lineages, low-level technical capacity and biosecurity at national levels, limited farmer knowledge on FMD disease recognition, failure of timely outbreak reporting and response, and limitations in national and international FMD control programmes. This paper examines the published research of FMD in the SEA region, reviewing the history, virology, epidemiology and control programmes and identifies future opportunities for FMD research aimed at the eventual eradication of FMD from the region.
Journal Article