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This study aims to find out the relationship between, communication patterns i.e., constructive, self-demand/partner withdraw, partner demand/self-withdraw, emotional distress and relationship dissatisfaction among married individuals. Age gap and gender differences were among the demographic variables assessed for married individuals. The study sample consisted of married individuals (N = 226) from Islamabad and Rawalpindi men (n = 148) and women (n = 78). The Communication Pattern Questionnaire (CPQ), the Perceived Emotional Distress Inventory (PEDI) by and Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI) were administered to married individuals. The results of the study showed a positive association between emotional distress and relationship unhappiness. It showed a positive correlation with self-demand/partner withdraw, self-withdraw, and partner demand/demand communication patterns and a substantial negative correlation with constructive communication patterns. The results also showed that emotional discomfort is a significant predictor of marital dissatisfaction in married individuals. The study examines high levels of marital discontent and emphasizes the importance of positive communication methods, spending time together, talking, and supporting one another. Since many married individuals find it difficult to communicate properly, especially when it comes to important concerns, they often avoid problematic communication practices. The study's findings can be utilized to better understand married people's emotional distress, self-demand/partner withdrawal, constructive communication styles, and marital discontent.

Adoption and family communication both affect adolescent adjustment. We proposed that adoption status and family communication interact such that adopted adolescents in families with certain communication patterns are at greater risk for adjustment problems. We tested this hypothesis using a community-based sample of 384 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families. Adolescents in these families were, on average, 16 years of age. The results supported our hypothesis. Adopted adolescents were at significantly greater risk for adjustment problems compared to nonadopted adolescents in families that emphasized conformity orientation without conversation orientation and in families that emphasized neither conformity nor conversation orientation. Adolescents in families emphasizing conversation orientation were at lower risk for adjustment problems, regardless of adoption status.

Sexual risk behavior in adolescents is a serious problem and is increasing in Indonesia. This study aimed to explain the relationship of parents' communication patterns and peer-group interaction with sexual risk behavior in adolescents in Surabaya. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample of 106 adolescents was obtained by cluster random sampling. The inclusion criteria were 15-18 years of age and those living with parents. Data were collected using parents' communication pattern questionnaire, peer-group interaction questionnaire and sexual risk behavior questionnaire, and were then analyzed using Spearman's rho statistical test. There was a relationship between parents' communication patterns (p = 0.000; r = -0.586) and peer-group interaction (p = 0.000; r = -0.565) with sexual risk behavior in adolescents. Open and two-way communication between parents and adolescents needs to be developed so that adolescents can develop good behavior. The development of a program to prevent sexual risk behavior needs to be done especially in adolescents' peer groups to prevent the negative impact of peers in the spread of sexual content in adolescents in their groups.

Large-scale online communities rely on computer-mediated communication between participants, enabling them to sustain interactions and exchange on a scale hitherto unknown. Yet little research has focused on how these online communities sustain themselves and how their interactions are structured. In this paper, we theorize and empirically measure the network exchange patterns of long-duration sustainable online communities. We propose that participation dynamics follow specific forms of social exchange: direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, and preferential attachment. We integrate diverse findings about individual participation motivations by identifying how individual behavior manifests in network-level structures of online communities. We studied five online communities over 27 months and analyzed 38,483 interactions using exponential random graph ( p * ) models and mixed-effects analysis of covariance. In a test of competing models, we found that network exchange patterns in online community communication networks are characterized by direct reciprocity and indirect reciprocity patterns and, surprisingly, a tendency away from preferential attachment. Our findings undermine previous explanations that online exchange follows a power law distribution based on people wanting to connect to \"popular\" others in online communities. Our work contributes to theories of new organizational forms by identifying network exchange patterns that regulate participation and sustain online communities.

The social network maintained by a focal individual, or ego, is intrinsically dynamic and typically exhibits some turnover in membership over time as personal circumstances change. However, the consequences of such changes on the distribution of an ego’s network ties are not well understood. Here we use a unique 18-mo dataset that combines mobile phone calls and survey data to track changes in the ego networks and communication patterns of students making the transition from school to university or work. Our analysis reveals that individuals display a distinctive and robust social signature, captured by how interactions are distributed across different alters. Notably, for a given ego, these social signatures tend to persist over time, despite considerable turnover in the identity of alters in the ego network. Thus, as new network members are added, some old network members either are replaced or receive fewer calls, preserving the overall distribution of calls across network members. This is likely to reflect the consequences of finite resources such as the time available for communication, the cognitive and emotional effort required to sustain close relationships, and the ability to make emotional investments.

Objective: This research focuses on the development of the religious character of Ihsanul Fikri Integrated Islamic Vocational High School Magelang. The formulation of the problem in this study is, 1. How student characteristics are related to religious character. 2. How is the development of religious character? 3. How does the development of religious character affect student behaviour?   Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this study is to identify student characteristics related to religious character, find patterns of religious character development, and analyze and describe the impact of religious character development on student behaviour. Creating open communication patterns, building cooperation to realize effective communication in developing religious character and developing religious character through extracurricular activities at SMK IT Ihsanul Fikri Magelang.   Method: The methodology of this study uses a qualitative approach. This research is a research approach that produces descriptive data, written or oral data, and the observable behaviour of people. The data collection of this study was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation.   Results and Discussion: The results of this study found that students of SMK IT Ihsanul Fikri have different religious character characteristics. Students of SMK IT Ihsanul Fikri do come from different family backgrounds, but along with the development of time and the concept of thought that has been built at SMK IT Ihsanul Fikri, students have understood the importance of religious character so it needs to be emphasized in everyday life.   Conclusion: The pattern of teacher communication in developing religious character is a) building open communication patterns, b) Building cooperation to realize effective communication in developing religious character, and c) developing religious character with extracurriculars integrated with superior programs. The impact of the development of religious culture is religious behaviour, positive thinking, and the growth of good civilization. Religious development in schools cannot be separated from school leadership and teachers as the main actors who determine and colour school life and the daily lives of students and school residents.

Recent studies on electronic communication records have shown that human communication has complex temporal structure. We study how communication patterns that involve multiple individuals are affected by attributes such as sex and age. To this end, we represent the communication records as a colored temporal network where node color is used to represent individuals' attributes, and identify patterns known as temporal motifs. We then construct a null model for the occurrence of temporal motifs that takes into account the interaction frequencies and connectivity between nodes of different colors. This null model allows us to detect significant patterns in call sequences that cannot be observed in a static network that uses interaction frequencies as link weights. We find sex-related differences in communication patterns in a large dataset of mobile phone records and show the existence of temporal homophily, the tendency of similar individuals to participate in communication patterns beyond what would be expected on the basis of their average interaction frequencies. We also show that temporal patterns differ between dense and sparse neighborhoods in the network. Because also this result is independent of interaction frequencies, it can be seen as an extension of Granovetter's hypothesis to temporal networks.

Objective Drawing on family communication patterns theory, introducing psychological capital and liking of school, this study explores the effect of family communication patterns on university student networking behavior. Background Individuals can establish, maintain, and develop social networks through a series of proactive networking behaviors, effectively leveraging their position within these social networks. In terms of resource acquisition, the utility of networking behaviors is not inferior to an individual's social network position. Therefore, networking behaviors have received extensive attention from scholars, but research on networking behaviors of college students on campus is limited. Method Multiwave data were collected from 191 Chinese university students. Path analysis and bootstrapping methods were used to analyze data. Results and Conclusion We found that conversation orientation positively related to psychological capital. Psychological capital is positively related to networking behavior and mediates the effect of conversation orientation on networking behavior. Furthermore, liking of school moderates the effect of psychological capital on networking behavior and the indirect effect of conversation orientation on networking behavior through psychological capital, whereby the two effects are stronger when liking of school is high. Implications The conclusion expands the research on family communication patterns and networking behavior on campus and provides practical enlightenment for parents and universities to improve college students' networking behavior on campus.

Background Cellular communication is vital for the proper functioning of multicellular organisms. A comprehensive analysis of cellular communication demands the consideration not only of the binding between ligands and receptors but also of a series of downstream signal transduction reactions within cells. Thanks to the advancements in spatial transcriptomics technology, we are now able to better decipher the process of cellular communication within the cellular microenvironment. Nevertheless, the majority of existing spatial cell–cell communication algorithms fail to take into account the downstream signals within cells. Results In this study, we put forward SpaCcLink, a cell–cell communication analysis method that takes into account the downstream influence of individual receptors within cells and systematically investigates the spatial patterns of communication as well as downstream signal networks. Analyses conducted on real datasets derived from humans and mice have demonstrated that SpaCcLink can help in identifying more relevant ligands and receptors, thereby enabling us to systematically decode the downstream genes and signaling pathways that are influenced by cell–cell communication. Comparisons with other methods suggest that SpaCcLink can identify downstream genes that are more closely associated with biological processes and can also discover reliable ligand-receptor relationships. Conclusions By means of SpaCcLink, a more profound and all-encompassing comprehension of the mechanisms underlying cellular communication can be achieved, which in turn promotes and deepens our understanding of the intricate complexity within organisms.