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The philosopher of Palo Alto : Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, and the original Internet of things
\"As a pioneer of ubiquitous computing-the embedding of technology in everyday objects from thermostats to doorbells-computer scientist Mark Weiser's descriptions of smart homes, now thirty years later, might seem to approach our reality. Weiser's views certainly influenced our technology's developers-his 1991 Scientific American article \"The Computer for the 21st Century\" was flagged a must-read by Microsoft's Bill Gates and then circulated among the day's digirati, including those Silicon Valley insiders who crowded his beer garden-based \"office hours\". Unlike many of his contemporaries, Weiser's vision was motivated by the philosophies of Michael Polanyi and Martin Heidegger, collaboration with anthropologists such as Lucy Suchman, and insights from artists including Natalie Jeremijenko. He hoped to realize \"tacit computing\" as an escape from a single attention-grabbing screen as a portal to work, entertainment, and education. When rivals such as Nicholas Negroponte at MIT's Media Lab championed the development of smart agents (the ancestors of Siri and Alexa) or pervasive sensing in wearable technologies (proto-Fitbits or Apple Watches), Weiser balked. Weiser wanted computers to be something closer to the white cane a person with low vision might use to navigate the world. Good technology, he argued, should not mine our experiences for data to sell or demand our attention. Technology should not rob its users of the hardships that establish their expertise, but instead give them the ability to conceive of the world in new ways. In this compelling biography of a person and idea, digital studies scholar John Tinnell shows Weiser, who died of cancer at 46, would be heartbroken if he had lived to see the ways we use technology today. Informed by deep archival research and interviews with Weiser's family and Xerox PARC colleagues, this book uses Weiser's life to offer a new history of today's technological reality, an inside view of Xerox PARC during its heyday, and a compelling vision of what computers failed to be\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Assessing COsub.2 Emissions of Online Food Delivery in Japan
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown of cities have led to the rapid growth of online food delivery (OFD). Moreover, there are concerns that OFD platforms may impose offers on users in order to continue to increase their market share, leading to numerous environmental issues such as overconsumption and a significant increase in plastic packaging waste. Most studies have focused on the environmental impacts associated with food packaging and have been mostly limited to China. However, less research has been carried out on the overall CO[sub.2] emissions of an OFD order including food. In this study, the CO[sub.2] emissions of an OFD order were assessed by considering the production, distribution, consumption and disposal of the ingredients, based on lifecycle thinking and existing secondary data, for three representative food groups (Western food, Japanese food and Chinese food) in Japan. This study found that the food production of an OFD order accounts for more than 70% of the CO[sub.2] emissions of the entire process, especially food ingredient production. Policy support and initiatives such as OFD platforms being able to serve different quantities of food based on actual consumer demand to avoid food waste, as well as changes in delivery methods, would help reduce the CO[sub.2] emissions of OFD.
Journal Article
Green and software-defined wireless networks : from theory to practice
\"Understand the fundamental theory and practical design aspects of green and soft wireless communications networks with this expert text. It provides comprehensive and unified coverage of 5G physical layer design, as well as design of the higher and radio access layers and the core network, drawing on viewpoints from both academia and industry. Get to grips with the theory through authoritative discussion of information-theoretical results, and learn about fundamental green design trade-offs, software-defined network architectures, and energy-efficient radio resource management strategies. Applications of wireless big data and artificial intelligence to wireless network design are included, providing an excellent design reference, and real-world examples of employment in software-defined 5G networks and energy-saving solutions from wireless communications companies and cellular operators help to connect theory with practice. This is an essential text for graduate students, professionals and researchers\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The impact of communication software usage on work engagement in remote work: the mediating role of distraction and FOMO
With the increasing demand for work-life balance and the development of information technology, remote work has become a widely adopted work mode, which has made communication software the primary means of communication for employees. However, previous research has not fully explored the impact of communication software usage (CSU) in remote work on work engagement, which is a crucial factor influencing employee performance. Therefore, this study, based on the Job Demands-Resources Theory, investigated the effects and mechanisms of CSU on work engagement in remote work. We collected a single time-point data set of 519 individuals with remote working experience and a dual time-point data set of 325 individuals in China. The results obtained from both datasets are consistent and indicate the following: (1) CSU in remote work has a significant negative impact on employee work engagement. (2) Distraction and fear of missing out (FOMO) mediate the relationship between CSU in remote work and work engagement respectively. (3) Intrinsic motivation moderates the negative effects of distraction and FOMO on work engagement. When employees have high intrinsic motivation, the negative effects of CSU in remote work through distraction and FOMO on work engagement diminishes. This study contributes to the research on the outcomes of CSU in remote work, deepens the understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking CSU and work engagement, and expands the knowledge of their boundary conditions.
Journal Article
What happens if Meta is broken up
In court April 21, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg rejected FTC claims of monopoly, arguing Meta faces broad competition across online communication platforms.
Streaming Video
Crowdsourced surveillance for neglected tropical diseases, Nigeria/ Surveillance participative pour les maladies tropicales negligees, Nigeria/ Vigilancia de enfermedades tropicales desatendidas obtenidas por colaboracion abierta en Nigeria
Metodos Se llevo a cabo un estudio piloto de implementacion de vigilancia mediante colaboracion abierta entre noviembre de 2022 y octubre de 2024 en 45 comunidades de tres estados de Nigeria, que abarco una poblacion de 477 138 personas. Otros tres estados, donde el proyecto no se implemento pero de los que se obtuvieron datos de vigilancia, sirvieron como control. Los residentes autoinformaron sintomas sospechosos utilizando telefonos inteligentes para capturar y transmitir imagenes de manifestaciones cutaneas y oculares a traves de plataformas de comunicacion digital. Un panel de expertos examino las imagenes para confirmar signos de enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Los datos se presentaron en frecuencias y porcentajes; ademas, se compararon los datos de incidencia de las zonas piloto y de control. [phrase omitted]
Journal Article
Emoji
Online users devise different strategies and techniques to make up for the absence of physical bodies in online communications, one of which is using emojis. Emojis are a diverse set of small images, symbols, or icons, standardized by the Unicode Consortium for utilization in electronic communication platforms. Their primary role is to effectively convey the emotional attitude of the writer, succinctly provide information, and playfully communicate messages. This article posits that bodily emojis (emojis portraying a body gesture or facial expression) are a form of digital embodiment. Their usage, thus, creates a form of digital performance. Emojis appear as a screen body in a space that lacks the physical one. Furthermore, I suggest that this body could be described as aesthetically Baroque. My proposition is that emojis exhibit Baroque characteristics such as dynamic and exaggerated forms and decorate texts. Emojis share similarities with the appearance and function of the Baroque body both in Baroque visual art and Baroque dance.
Journal Article
Computer-supported collaboration: simulation-based training using LEGO.sup.
Learning the effects of proximity and distance in collaborative work and understanding the challenges and possibilities of information technology use in distributed teams can be challenging for students. This paper describes a LEGO.sup.® simulation-based training program and shows how the use of LEGO bricks and a videoconferencing platform can help students experience computer-supported collaboration firsthand. Students who participated in simulation-based training sessions adopted different work coordination and information sharing strategies. The working patterns observed during three different simulation-based training sessions were analyzed based on the literature on collaborative work. Findings show that using LEGO bricks to recreate \"real-life\" situations allows students to immediately immerse themselves in the challenges faced by \"virtual workers\" and more easily and fully understand and integrate theoretical concepts related to collaborative work and computer-supported collaboration.
Journal Article
Email & messengers : free everyday software alternatives
Explore the practical process of moving part or all of your software usage towards open source software (OSS). The material in this video is divided into two parts, each offering a different perspective -- one general, one specific. The first part describes the general, practical considerations for a user who moves to OSS alternatives. The considerations include: obtaining the software, migrating your data, getting support and training, and arranging for ongoing support and maintenance. For each consideration, Free Alternatives to Everyday Software gives advice on how best to approach the task and any risks to watch out for. The second part discusses prominent examples of OSS in a number of key categories (office software, browsers, email, and so on). Each segment identifies an OSS program and explains the challenges you will face when moving to that program (for example, 'Where is feature X in the OSS version?', 'Will there be issue with driver support?', and so on). What You Will Learn Procure and install OSS programs Successfully migrate your data Obtain support and updates Overcome the challenges when moving to OSS in prominent software domains Who This Video Is ForYou will have experience using a range of mainly proprietary (and possibly some OSS) applications. You are aware of what OSS is, and are considering moving at least part of your toolset to open source solutions.
Streaming Video
The Next Era: Deep Learning in Pharmaceutical Research
Over the past decade we have witnessed the increasing sophistication of machine learning algorithms applied in daily use from internet searches, voice recognition, social network software to machine vision software in cameras, phones, robots and self-driving cars. Pharmaceutical research has also seen its fair share of machine learning developments. For example, applying such methods to mine the growing datasets that are created in drug discovery not only enables us to learn from the past but to predict a molecule’s properties and behavior in future. The latest machine learning algorithm garnering significant attention is deep learning, which is an artificial neural network with multiple hidden layers. Publications over the last 3 years suggest that this algorithm may have advantages over previous machine learning methods and offer a slight but discernable edge in predictive performance. The time has come for a balanced review of this technique but also to apply machine learning methods such as deep learning across a wider array of endpoints relevant to pharmaceutical research for which the datasets are growing such as physicochemical property prediction, formulation prediction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/Tox), target prediction and skin permeation, etc. We also show that there are many potential applications of deep learning beyond cheminformatics. It will be important to perform prospective testing (which has been carried out rarely to date) in order to convince skeptics that there will be benefits from investing in this technique.
Journal Article