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Background Nurses in Ghana play a vital role in the delivery of primary health care at both the household and community level. However, there is lack of information on task shifting the management and control of hypertension to community health nurses in low- and middle-income countries including Ghana. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice of hypertension management and control pre- and post-training utilizing task-shifting strategies for hypertension control in Ghana (TASSH). Methods A pre- and post- test survey was administered to 64 community health nurses (CHNs) and enrolled nurses (ENs) employed in community health centers and district hospitals before and after the TASSH training, followed by semi-structured qualitative interviews that assessed nurses’ satisfaction with the training, resultant changes in practice and barriers and facilitators to optimal hypertension management. Results A total of 64 CHNs and ENs participated in the TASSH training. The findings of the pre- and post-training assessments showed a marked improvement in nurses’ knowledge and practice related to hypertension detection and treatment. At pre-assessment 26.9% of the nurses scored 80% or more on the hypertension knowledge test, whereas this improved significantly to 95.7% post-training. Improvement of interpersonal skills and patient education were also mentioned by the nurses as positive outcomes of participation in the intervention. Conclusions Findings suggest that if all nurses receive even brief training in the management and control of hypertension, major public health benefits are likely to be achieved in low-income countries like Ghana. However, more research is needed to ascertain implementation fidelity and sustainability of interventions such as TASSH that highlight the potential role of nurses in mitigating barriers to optimal hypertension control in Ghana. Trial registration Trial registration for parent TASSH study: NCT01802372 . Registered February 27, 2013.

Background The aging population is becoming a growing challenge for health care systems, pushing toward the need for systemic adaptations. In Italy, the role of the Family and Community Nurse (FCN) was introduced as a response to these demographic changes, aimed at ensuring personalized and integrated care for the older adults at the national level. Despite national institutional recognition, the implementation of the FCN role varies considerably across regions, resulting in uneven and fragmented service delivery. To better understand this variability, the present study aimed to describe the perceived barriers and facilitators influencing the delivery of community-based care to older adults. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted, from December 2023 to May 2024, using semi-structured interviews on a purposive sample. Forty-one FCNs from four Italian regions were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis, supported by NVivo software. Results Under the overarching theme reflecting the barriers and facilitators that influence the delivery of family and community nursing care to older adults, six sub-themes and thirteen categories were identified. The key barriers were the misalignment between strategic leadership level and managerial and operational levels, shortages of instrumental and human resources, heterogeneity and fragmentation of nursing documentation, lack of uniformity of the training pathways and, limited recognition of the FCN role. The most frequent facilitators were current regulations and national policies, the support and collaboration of local organizations and local political institutions, as well as the expansion of interprofessional collaborations. Conclusions The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to strengthen the governance of the FCN role, ensuring greater integration between policy directives, resources, training, and organizational practice. This requires coordinated efforts among health care institutions, universities, and professional organizations to create a system that not only adequately trains FCNs but also ensures their functional and effective placement within community-based care. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of six different teaching methods with traditional teaching approaches in community nursing education for nursing students in China. In recent years, an increasing number of Chinese nursing educators exploring various pedagogical approaches to enhance the educational outcomes in community nursing. However, there is still no consensus on the superiority of different teaching methods and no direct comparisons of their effectiveness have been made. Therefore, evaluating the impact of six teaching strategies on community nursing education for Chinese nursing students is both necessary and timely. This study is a systematic review and network meta-analysis. In November 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases to identify studies that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process involved screening studies based on set criteria, extracting relevant data, and assessing the quality of the studies before conducting the network meta-analysis. The review protocol of this study was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42025635443). From an initial pool of 3077 articles, 33 were meticulously selected for a network meta-analysis. The findings indicate that PBL significantly outperforms other methods in improving nursing students' final examination scores and practical skills. PAD class approach emerged as the most effective method in fostering self-directed learning capabilities among Chinese nursing students. The results of this study show that PBL and PAD class were identified as having the greatest potential to enhance Chinese nursing student academic achievement and self-directed learning. Nonetheless, future investigations should employ larger sample sizes and more rigorous methodologies to substantiate these findings. With the increasing aging of the population in China, it is urgent for nursing educators to think about how to cultivate nursing students' interest in community nursing and improve the teaching quality of community nursing in order to meet the growing demand for primary health services. More and more nursing educators have realized the shortcomings of traditional teaching methods, so they try to use a variety of teaching methods to improve the teaching effect of community nursing. However, there is currently no consensus on the superiority of different teaching methods, and no studies have directly compared their effects. Therefore, evaluating the impact of various teaching strategies on community nursing education is both necessary and meaningful. Hence, we employed network meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of six common teaching methods used in community nursing education in China, aiming to provide insights for the selection of appropriate teaching models for community nursing education. From the establishment of the database until November 2024, a comprehensive search of nine databases was conducted. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 literatures on community nursing teaching of nursing students in China were included for analysis. The results ranked PBL as the most effective strategy for improving both final examination scores and practical skills. Furthermore, presentation-assimilation-discussion class (PAD class) approach was identified as having the greatest potential to enhance autonomous learning abilities among these students. Future investigations should employ larger sample sizes and more rigorous methodologies to substantiate these findings.

\"Community As Partner: Theory and Practice in Nursing, 8th Edition offers a foundational overview of the concepts of epidemiology, environment, culture, ethics, empowerment, health policy, informatics, bioterrorism, and emerging infectious diseases as they relate to community health. Authors and theorists Dr. Anderson and Dr. McFarlane of the Community As Partner Model arm students with the \"how to\" knowledge they need to apply the nursing process to an entire community, and take readers through the entire nursing process with a real-life community as an example! Anderson offers a handbook with practical skills that ACHNE has outlined as essential for generalist nurses, including how to do a community assessment, how to analyze data, how to form a community nursing diagnosis, as well as how to plan, implement, and evaluate a community health program. Community As Partner analyzes the relationship between globalization and health, and inspires students to contribute to the reduction of global health challenges and promoting health for all, including marginalized populations and health promotion in school communities, rural communities, and faith communities. In this edition, instructors will receive PowerPoints enhanced with lecture notes and iclicker questions. These PowerPoints will be developed to serve a dual purpose. You can choose to share the decks with your students to use as self-paced Study Notes and knowledge check multiple choice questions. Our NCLEX style test bank has been revised and enhanced with more questions at the application level and higher\"-- Provided by publisher.

Background Aging populations have increased demand for long-term care, raising concerns about quality, efficiency, and sustainability. While the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is widely used for performance evaluation, it is underutilized in Community-Based Elderly Visiting Nursing Centers (CB-EVNC). This study applies the BSC model to evaluate performance across four perspectives—learning and growth, internal processes, customer, and financial—to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) and enhance operational efficiency. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using simulation data from the 3 S Business Intelligence System (3 S-BIS) program, reflecting operational data from a home-based long-term care facility in Seoul (January–December 2021). Pearson correlation and path analysis were performed using IBM AMOS 25.0. Model fit was evaluated using chi-square tests, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Results Total pay correlated positively with visit frequency ( r  =.938, p  <.001) and staff count ( r  =.931, p  <.001), while visit frequency negatively correlated with beneficiary status ( r =–.330, p  <.001). Path analysis showed that visit frequency significantly increased with staff count (β = 0.917, p  <.001), but total performance rate decreased with higher staff numbers (β = − 0.466, p  <.001). Beneficiary status was positively influenced by visit frequency (β = 1.328, p  <.001) and performance rate (β = 0.273, p  <.001) but negatively affected by staff count (β = − 1.439, p  <.001). Financial performance was primarily driven by visit frequency (β = 0.977, p  <.001). The final path model demonstrated acceptable model fit, supporting the interconnected nature of operational efficiency and service quality. Conclusions The study confirms that staffing levels and process efficiency significantly influence financial sustainability and service quality in home-based long-term care facilities. While increased staffing improves service delivery, it may reduce efficiency, highlighting the need for strategic workforce management and continuous professional training. Future research should expand to multiple institutions and adopt longitudinal designs to assess long-term impacts. Standardized performance management systems using the BSC model could enhance service quality and support long-term care policy development.

Introduction . Shifting care from hospitals into community‐based settings is a major policy goal internationally. Community health services in England currently face the greatest workforce shortages of all sectors, threatening the feasibility of this policy. Moreover, little is known about the extent of variation in community workforce provision regionally and how this relates to determinants of need. Aim . To analyse regional variation in the community services workforce in England between 2010 and 2021. Methods . We obtained NHS workforce statistics data on the number of nurses and nursing support staff providing community services at each NHS organisation in England, from March 2010 to November 2021. We aggregated the organisation‐level data to both regional and national levels, which enabled us to maintain consistent units of analysis across the decade. To examine longitudinal trends and regional variation in workforce provision, we calculated the number of staff per 100,000 population aged 65+ in each region and each period. We then graphed and summarised the variation and examined the correlations with levels of deprivation and rurality. Results . There was a twofold variation in community services workforce provision between English regions. In November 2021, the number of staff per 100,000 people aged over 64 ranged from 300 in the South West to 697 in the North West. Most regions experienced a reduction in provision between 2010 and 2021, with a 21.2% reduction nationally. East of England experienced the largest reduction of 39.3%, whilst London experienced a 2.1% increase. In November 2021, regions with more deprived populations had higher workforce provision and regions with a larger proportion of residents living in rural areas had lower workforce provision. Conclusions . The size of the community services workforce has fallen relative to population needs, contradictory to the policy priority to enhance care in the community. There was substantial regional variation in the size of the workforce, which has persisted throughout the decade. Workforce provision was higher in more deprived areas but lower in rural areas, potentially impacting equitable access in rural areas.