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Nonprofit Hospitals’ Approach to Community Health Needs Assessment
Objectives. We sought a better understanding of how nonprofit hospitals are fulfilling the community health needs assessment (CHNA) provision of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to conduct CHNAs and develop CHNA and implementation strategies reports. Methods. Through an Internet search of an estimated 179 nonprofit hospitals in Texas conducted between December 1, 2013, and January 5, 2014, we identified and reviewed 95 CHNA and implementation strategies reports. We evaluated and scored reports with specific criteria. We analyzed hospital-related and other report characteristics to understand relationships with report quality. Results. There was wide-ranging diversity in CHNA approaches and report quality. Consultant-led CHNA processes and collaboration with local health departments were associated with higher-quality reports. Conclusions. At the time of this study, the Internal Revenue Service had not yet issued the final regulations for the CHNA requirement. This provides an opportunity to strengthen the CHNA guidance for the final regulations, clarify the purpose of the assessment and planning process and reports, and better align assessment and planning activities through a public health framework.
Journal Article
Increments of neighborhood : a compendium of built types for walkable and vibrant communities
Intended as a comprehensive resource, 'Increments of Neighborhood' is a compendium of recent built work for urban neighbourhoods, encompassing the spectrum of building types financed/built by today's American real estate industry - from single family and townhouses, through 'missing middle' stacked housing, stick-built housing, large multi-family, and high-rise buildings. This publication is the only resource in the marketplace that tabulates market-rate products that fill America's cities, as well as being a comparative resource that shows how these types can be deployed in a way befitting smart-growth using sustainable principles. The only resource of its type, 'Increments of Neighborhood' will demystify the understanding of costs and type, contribute to the public realm for the non-architectural professional, and provide a breadth and range of significant new information for experienced architects who typically specialise in a particular segment of building products such as hospitals or single-family houses, information with which they are frequently unacquainted.
Book
Community-Based Health Planning and Services Plus programme in Ghana: A qualitative study with stakeholders in two Systems Learning Districts on improving the implementation of primary health care
In 1999, Ghana introduced the Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) as the key primary health care strategy. In this study, we explored the challenges, capacity development priorities, and stakeholder perspectives on improving the CHPS concept as it has been fraught with a myriad of challenges since its inception. Our study is the outcome of the national programme for strengthening the implementation of CHPS Initiative in Ghana (CHPS+) introduced in 2017.
This exploratory research was a qualitative study conducted in two Systems Learning Districts (SLDs) of CHPS+ in the Volta Region of Ghana from March to May, 2018. Four focus group discussions and two general discussions were conducted among 60 CHPS+ stakeholders made up of health workers and community members. Data analyses were conducted using conceptual content analysis. Statements of the participants were presented as quotes to substantiate the views expressed.
Negative attitude, high attrition, inadequacy and unavailability of health professionals at post when needed were challenges associated with the health professionals. Late referrals, lack of proper community entry and engagement, non-availability of essential logistics, distance of CHPS compounds from communities, and inadequate funding were challenges associated with the health system. Lack of community ownership of the CHPS programme, lack of security at CHPS compounds, and late reporting of cases by the community members were also realised as challenges emanating from the community members. Priority areas for capacity development of health workers identified included logistics management, community entry and engagement, emergency delivery, managing referrals at the CHPS level, and resuscitation of newborns.
Health-worker, community, and health systems-based challenges inhibit the implementation of CHPS in Ghana. Capacity development of health professionals and continuous community engagement are avenues that can improve implementation of the programme.
Journal Article
Critical Success Factors of Participatory Community Planning with Geospatial Digital Participatory Platforms
In recent years, Digital Participatory Platforms (DPPs) have become an increasingly popular tool for citizen participation in community planning processes. They serve municipalities, citizen initiatives, and other planning authorities as digital tools to collect feedback, discuss ideas, solve problems and monitor small-scale planning processes within their communities. In addition, DPPs facilitate the integration of the spatial domain into participatory community planning. In this paper, we assess the most important Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of participatory community planning with geospatial DPPs, and analyze the potential, opportunities, and challenges associated with integrating these platforms into community planning. We analyze the results of a digital questionnaire that we shared with a selected group of expert scholars and community stakeholders. We then contextualize this feedback with our experiences from the piloting phase and commercial roll-out of the ‘Bürgercockpit’-application for participatory community planning within the Austrian Agenda21-framework. As a result, we identify the most important CSFs of participatory community planning with geospatial DPPs. This set of CSFs should provide a better orientation on how to complement well-established analog participatory methods and practices with geospatial DPPs for the co-production of shared visions and solutions, ultimately empowering all stakeholders of a planning process to better manage their communities.
Journal Article
Planning from below : a decentralized participatory planning proposal, volumes I and II
In this book, Marta Harnecker, with Spanish economist Josâe Bartolomâe, shares some of her wisdom on how communities everywhere can gain empowerment. For, when impoverished people became involved in the planning process, they no longer feel like beggars demanding solutions from the state; they become the creators of their own destiny. Set out in two parts; this book first demonstrates the importance of community participants working outside a hierarchy, to allow as much decentralization as possible. The second part of the book centers on the methodology of this process: the various tasks taken on by participants and how, in planning processes over years, they are carried out.
Book
Universal health coverage necessitates a system approach: an analysis of Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative in Ghana
The 9th Global conference on health promotion (Shanghai 2016) reaffirmed the role of primary health care (PHC) in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Gaining much international recognition, the community-based health planning and services (CHPS) initiative is considered one of the pragmatic strategy in delivering on the promise of universal health coverage (UHC) through the PHC strategy, in Ghana. Yet, certain key factors threaten its successes – renewing the relevance of this study to present the barriers to and facilitators of the initiative. According to our findings, CHPS contribution particularly in bridging geographical access to health cannot be demeaned. Nevertheless, the full functioning of the initiative is limited by factors centered on the following themes: health governance and leadership, provision of services of quality, financial risk protection strategies targeting public health, information and care continuity, and the right mix of trained health professionals of even distribution across communities. Addressing the challenges of CHPS demand a system-approach. Substantial progress is more likely to emerge with improved leadership especially on the part of Governments to take bold political step to provide adequate financial and material resources. However, much will be achieved when stakeholders including the community work in synergies, to manage competing priorities by focusing on the core values and goals of CHPS.
Journal Article
Museum resilience : adaptive planning for a new era
\"Focused on multiple-scenario planning method, Museum Resilience gets to the \"how\" for expanding inclusivity and decolonization efforts, as well as adapting in a time of visitation and financial challenges. Unique features of the book include explaining worldview differences, value-based planning techniques (adaptive and multiple-scenario), the specifics of expanding museum income through collaborations, and ways of developing learning programs that support cultural continuance. The author has field-tested these methods for 30 years (over 50 plans completed), blending her graduate degrees in Cultural Anthropology and Urban and Regional Planning to design methods for cross-cultural planning. Integral to the book are planning processes for museums to use with communities in addressing these issues. Each chapter contains an annotated \"Further Readings\" feature, useful for textbook readers. Another feature of the book is the integration of examples concerning potential roles museums can take in opening environmental awareness. The author is an experienced leader in culturally diverse issues, focusing on value-based planning and designing techniques that work across cultures\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Male involvement in maternal healthcare through Community- based Health Planning and Services: the views of the men in rural Ghana
Background
The need to promote maternal health in Ghana has committed the government to extend maternal healthcare services to the door steps of rural families through the community-based Health Planning and Services. Based on the concerns raised in previous studies that male spouses were indifferent towards maternal healthcare, this study sought the views of men on their involvement in maternal healthcare in their respective communities and at the household levels in the various Community-based Health Planning and Services zones in Awutu-Senya West District in the Central Region of Ghana.
Methods
A qualitative method was employed. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with married men, community health officers, community health volunteers and community leaders. The participants were selected using purposive, quota and snowball sampling techniques. The study used thematic analysis for analysing the data.
Results
The study shows varying involvement of men, some were directly involved in feminine gender roles; others used their female relatives and co-wives to perform the women's roles that did not have space for them. They were not necessarily indifferent towards maternal healthcare, rather, they were involved in the spaces provided by the traditional gender division of labour. Amongst other things, the perpetuation and reinforcement of traditional gender norms around pregnancy and childbirth influenced the nature and level of male involvement.
Conclusions
Sustenance of male involvement especially, husbands and CHVs is required at the household and community levels for positive maternal outcomes. Ghana Health Service, health professionals and policy makers should take traditional gender role expectations into consideration in the planning and implementation of maternal health promotion programmes.
Journal Article