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This paper discusses the potential of an international agreement to ensure equitable vaccine distribution, addressing the failures witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVAX was unable to prevent vaccine monopolization and unequal distribution, which led to significant disparities in vaccination rates and avoidable deaths. Any future agreement on equitable vaccine distribution must address ethical and practical issues to ensure global health equity and access. The proposed agreement should recognize healthcare as a human right and consider vaccines beyond mere commodities, emphasizing the social responsibility of pharmaceutical companies to prioritize affordability, availability, and accessibility, particularly for low-income countries (LICs). Voluntary licensing agreements are suggested as a means to enhance access to essential medicines. The paper also outlines the necessity of international cooperation, with robust compliance mechanisms, to effectively enforce such an agreement and mitigate future health crises. Keywords: COVAX, Vaccine Agreement, Equitable Vaccine Distribution, Pharmaceutical Companies, Voluntary Licensing Agreements, Pandemic Preparedness

The evolution of online media delivery methods and the ubiquity of mobile devices has led to a shift in user preferences away from physical formats to freely accessible streaming content via sites like YouTube and Spotify and downloads from sites like iTunes. This progression has also resulted in content that libraries are precluded from owning due to prohibitive end-user license agreements. As a result, academic libraries must reexamine the role and objectives of their media collections as well as barriers to their use. This article presents the findings of a survey of North American music media selectors and provides a baseline context for the current and changing state of their collections and collecting habits. It finds that librarians are still actively collecting physical formats even though collection use is shrinking. In addition, they feel local pressures related to budgets, space, and preservation. Librarians have reservations about the costs and stability of commercial streaming products and what that means for creating unique collections. Respondents articulated numerous questions that the library profession should be asking itself and library patrons about the future of academic music media collections. Several possible approaches to these issues are put forth.

Thursby and Thursby discuss the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which allows universities to patent and exclusively license federally funded inventions. The dramatic growth in university licensing has made the Act controversial and became the subject of policy review. Evidences suggest that university licensing facilitates technology transfer with few effects on the research environment.

Institutions of advanced education and research, through their libraries, invest substantially in licensed online resources. Only authorized users of an institution are entitled to access licensed online resources. Seamless on-campus access to licensed resources happens mostly through Internet Protocol (IP) address authentication. Increasingly, licensed online resources are accessed by authorized users from off-campus locations as well. Libraries will, therefore, need to ensure seamless off-campus access to authorized users. Libraries have been using various technologies, including proxy server or virtual private network (VPN) server or single sign-on, to facilitate seamless off-campus access to licensed resources. In this paper, authors share their experience in setting up a Shibboleth-based single sign-on (SSO) access management system at the JRD Tata Memorial Library, Indian Institute of Science, to enable authorized users of the institute to seamlessly access licensed online resources from off-campus locations.