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This study conducts a systematic literature review on the effect of risk management on financial institutions’ efficiency. Using the PRISMA method, we analysed 173 studies published between 1990 and 2023 in journals ranked by Academic Journal Guide, issued by the Chartered Association of Business Schools in 2021. The results reveal that both parametric (Stochastic Frontier Approach) and nonparametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) models are equally utilized in estimatingthe efficiency of financial institutions. The limitations of these methodologies are discussed, while also indicating a lack of consensus on the classification of variables. Furthermore, the results show that recent studies mainly focus on the effects of mergers and acquisitions activities, regulation, and risk management on the efficiency of banks and insurance companies. Finally, a current trend towards developing composite indices in efficiency estimation is emphasized. Findingsfrom this study will be useful to academics, researchers, financial institution managers, policymakers, and regulators interested in financial institutions’ efficiency. U ovom istraživanju provodi se sistematski pregled literature utjecaja upravljanja rizicima na efikasnost financijskih institucija. Koristeći se PRISMA metodom, analizirano je 173 članaka objavljenih u razdoblju od 1990. do 2023. godine i to u časopisima rangiranim prema Akademskom vodiču časopisa objavljenom od strane Udruge poslovnih škola u 2021. godini. Rezultati pokazuju kako se parametarski i ne parametarski modeli podjednako koriste u procjeni efikasnosti financijskih institucija. Rezultati istraživanja ističu ograničenja spomenutih metodologija, kako i nedostatak konsenzusa u klasifikaciji varijabli. Rezultati također pokazuju kako se recentna empirijska istraživanja prvenstveno usmjeravaju na efekte spajanja i pripajanja, regulaciju i upravljanje rizicima na efikasnost banaka i osiguravajućih društava. Analizom recentnih empirijskih istraživanja ističe se trend razvijanja i uporabe kompozitnih indeksa u procjeni efikasnosti. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu biti od koristi akademicima, istraživačima, menadžerima financijskih institucija, regulatorima i kreatorima monetarne politike čiji je interes efikasnost financijskih institucija.

Kandi block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal is situated in the Mayurakshi–Dwarka Plain. This is one of the maximum flood-affected blocks in Murshidabad. The average frequency of occurrence of floods in the last decade is 8. This study prepares a vulnerability map of Kandi block at village level combining physical, social and economic indicators of flood hazard. PCA analysis has been applied for computation of vulnerability indices. The results reveal that there is a difference in biophysical exposure and vulnerability index.

The article substantiates the necessity to develop a system of indicators for assessing the level of development of the information and knowledge economy. Main methodological approaches regarding their development and analysis have been analyzed. Some recommendations have been proposed for eliminating existing problems in this field. A methodology has been proposed for calculating the Gross Domestic Product generated by information and knowledge. A composite index of information and knowledge-based economy, as well as corresponding hierarchic indices, subindices, and indicators, have been developed. General information on global indices characterizing the information and knowledge economy is analyzed. Some countries are rated on the development of the knowledge economy. Information is provided on sub-indices and indicators that affect the formation of some global ICT, innovation, and economic indices. The main and sub-indicators used in the calculation of global indices are identified. The current situation in Azerbaijan on some global indices is analyzed, and the country’s ranking on different indices on the formation of the information and knowledge economy is determined. A comparative analysis of the methods of measuring the level of information and knowledge economy is conducted. Features of the regional and sectoral approach to assessing the level of information and knowledge economy are explained. Innovation, science, and technology-intensive components of the information and knowledge economy are proposed. The interaction of the main indices and indicators that form the composite index of the information and knowledge economy is proposed. The structure of the composite index system is proposed in a multi-level form. A system of multi-level composite indicators integratively reflects the main level and the lower levels coming after it. Indicators’ system includes the main composite index and ten sub-indices of information and knowledge economy. The study presents the stages of successive formation of indicators and variables upon which main indices and sub-indices of information and knowledge economy functionally depend. 1st national level consists of a composite integrative index of the information and knowledge economy; initially 2nd level consists of ten indices, 3rd level consists of 83 sub-indices and indicators; 4th level consists of 320 macro/micro indicators. Directions of future research are identified based on indicators.

Asymptomatic or subclinical infection by diarrheal enteropathogens during childhood has been linked to poor health and nutritional outcomes. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of asymptomatic Shigella infection on different forms of childhood malnutrition including the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF). We used data from 1715 children enrolled in the multi-country birth cohort study, MAL-ED, from November 2009 to February 2012. Monthly non-diarrheal stools were collected and assessed using TaqMan Array Cards (TAC). Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rates of asymptomatic Shigella infection. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the association between asymptomatic Shigella infection and nutritional indicators after adjusting for relevant covariates. Incidence rates per 100 child-months were higher in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Peru. Overall, after adjusting for relevant covariates, asymptomatic Shigella infection was significantly associated with stunting (aOR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.70), wasting (aOR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.46), underweight (aOR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56), and CIAF (aOR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65) in all the study sites except for Brazil. The high incidence rates of asymptomatic Shigella infection underscore the immediate need for Shigella vaccines to avert the long-term sequelae involving childhood growth.

This paper calculates a human Wellbeing Composite Index (WCI) for 42 countries, belonging to the European Economic Space, North Africa and the Middle East, as an alternative to the shortcomings of other well-known measures of socio-economic development (i.e. Gross Domestic Product per head and Human Development Index). To attain this goal, different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are used as an aggregation tool for seven selected socio-economic variables which correspond to the following wellbeing dimensions: income per capita, environmental burden of disease, income inequality, gender gap, education, life expectancy at birth and government effectiveness. The use of DEA allows avoiding the subjectivity that would be involved in the exogenous determination of weights for the variables included in WCI. The aim is to establish a complete ranking of all countries in the sample, using a three-step process, with the last step consisting in the use of a model that combines DEA and compromise programming, and permits to obtain a set of common weights for all countries in the analysis. The results highlight the distance that still separates Southern Mediterranean countries from the benchmark levels established by some European countries, and also point to the main weaknesses in individual countries' performance. Nordic countries, plus Switzerland, top the list of best performers, while Mauritania, Libya and Syria appear at the bottom.

In 2010, EU adopted a new growth strategy which includes three growth priorities and five headline targets to be reached by 2020. The aim of this paper is to investigate the current performance of the EU member and candidate states in achieving these growth priorities and the overall strategy target by allocating the headline targets into the priorities and the priorities into the strategy by the use of a composite indicator methodology. The paper determines how far away each member and candidate state is from the targeted levels of the priorities and the strategy by making a distinction between EU 15 and relatively new member states as well. The developed composite indices enable the observation of the performances of the member and candidate states in a single indicator for the overall strategy and each growth priority. The results of the strategy index and three growth priority indices show that Nordic states possess the highest index scores already having reached many of the targets; many new member states performed as good as EU 15 and some EU 15 states are placed at the bottom of the ranking with quite poor performance in reaching the EU 2020 strategy.

This research aims to analyze and compare value of TL-SDI, within area of administrative posts in the municipality of Oecusse related to internal migration status. This study uses a quantitative approach based on the CPH-TL 2015 and TLSLS 2014 data, using lifetime migration that applied on the concept of TL-SDI, SCI, EcCI, and EnCI within area of administrative posts in the municipality of Oecusse. Analysis comparison of TL-SDI uses CSpro, SPSS, and Excel, tools with the amount of sustainable development indexes is the percentage of migration rates. The results of this study have produced three (3) type of specific values of TL-SDI, rejected the hypothesis that there is no significance the values of TL-SDI between the migrant population and the non-migrant population. The TL-SDI values in migrant populations are higher than in non-migrant populations. TL-SDI values in each region can be used as an evaluation of the results of development so far has been running and can be used as regional planning material, especially for indigenous people or migrants who come to the region.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate internal migration in the population of the country of Timor-Leste based on Ravenstain’s theory (1885) and Lee (1966) on types of internal migration with respect push to pull and factors and defining the flow, direction, path and boundaries of internal migration in municipal in the country of Timor-Leste. This study uses a quantitative approach, using the concept of lifetime migration and inter-municipal displacement. The analysis of cross tabulation between the place of birth and the place of registration at the time of the CPH-TL2015 has resulted internal migration of population of Timor-Leste first type. This research uses CSpro, and Excel, and GIS analysis tools with the amount of population internal migration is the percentage of migration rates. The results of this study have produced first type internal migration of Timor-Leste, specific forms of internal migration such as residents who have carried out lifetime migration internal with direction and flow through international boundaries and procedures.The geographic position each municipality and special for municipality of Oe-cusse as an enclave is particularly important and significantly new type of internal migration.

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to assess the level of sustainability of the UK automotive supply chain (SC) considering simultaneously the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) representing the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach. Design/methodology/approach: The assessment of the automotive SC’ sustainability is based on the framework proposed by Salvado, Azevedo, Matias and Ferreira (2015) and uses the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to aggregate economic, environmental and social indicators into a unique index. A case study on the UK automotive industry is used and the data to perform this study is collected from the sustainability reports of the UK’ automotive companies from 1999 to 2014. Findings: The proposed framework represents an important benchmarking tool, offering managers the opportunity for assessing the sustainability behaviour of their supply chains and compare it with other supply chains. Once identified the dimension of sustainability where the supply chain is worst performer managers can work closer to their supply chain’ partners in order to improve the performance of those dimension of sustainability. Research limitations/implications: One limitation of the suggested approach is related to the ambiguity associated to the selection process of the sustainability’ indicators and the definition of weights for each sustainability’ dimension. Practical implications: The assessment of the SC sustainability by using the suggested framework to compute a SC sustainability index offers managers an opportunity for assessing the level of sustainability of each individual company and the corresponding SC in a very easy way. It also represents an opportunity for improving company performance. In this way managers can use the information on the sustainability index to help adjusting their company’s behaviour and improving their economic, social and environmental performance. Originality/value: The proposed framework represents a contribution in the area of index construction and a valuable component of organizational management systems and monitoring programs.

Despite the rising tide of investments in information technologies (IT) infrastructures, empirical evidence about the effects of such investment moves is scarce. Stock market investors provide one appropriate perspective on the value-creation and growth potential of IT infrastructure investments through their reactions to specific IT infrastructure investment moves by business firms. This research utilizes the event-study analysis approach to examine if IT infrastructure investments are associated with significantly positive abnormal stock market returns and rises in trading volume when firms announce such investments. Drawing upon a sample of IT infrastructure announcements in the early 1990s, this research finds significant evidence that positive abnormal returns and increased trading volume are associated with IT infrastructure investment announcements. Further, when such investments are contrasted with investments in IT applications, evidence exists that infrastructure investments generate greater excess returns and a larger increase in trading volume than applications investments do. The evidence provides empirical support for the potential of IT infrastructure investments to be perceived as a platform for growth and revenue generation opportunities in contemporary business firms.