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"Computer Graphics - history"
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Art of Atari
\"Atari is one of the most recognized names in the world. Since its formation in 1972, the company pioneered hundreds of iconic titles including Asteroids, Centipede, and Missile Command. In addition to hundreds of games created for arcades, home video systems, and computers, original artwork was specially commissioned to enhance the Atari experience, further enticing children and adults to embrace and enjoy the new era of electronic entertainment. [This volume] is the first official collection of such artwork. Sourced from museums and private collections worldwide, this book spans over 40 years of the company's unique illustrations used in packaging, advertisements, catalogs, and more\"--Amazon.com.
Book
The Systems Biology Graphical Notation
A group of scientists in the systems biology community propose visual conventions for drawing biological diagrams.
Circuit diagrams and Unified Modeling Language diagrams are just two examples of standard visual languages that help accelerate work by promoting regularity, removing ambiguity and enabling software tool support for communication of complex information. Ironically, despite having one of the highest ratios of graphical to textual information, biology still lacks standard graphical notations. The recent deluge of biological knowledge makes addressing this deficit a pressing concern. Toward this goal, we present the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN), a visual language developed by a community of biochemists, modelers and computer scientists. SBGN consists of three complementary languages: process diagram, entity relationship diagram and activity flow diagram. Together they enable scientists to represent networks of biochemical interactions in a standard, unambiguous way. We believe that SBGN will foster efficient and accurate representation, visualization, storage, exchange and reuse of information on all kinds of biological knowledge, from gene regulation, to metabolism, to cellular signaling.
Journal Article
An eye for success
Foreshadowing the modern use of punctuation to portray emotions (emoticons), chemists were not averse to inserting sheets of paper into their typewriters at oblique angles and using the equals sign and dashes to represent chemical bonds. (Certainly, in a sign of what future Apple technology would do for record shops, the unfortunate staff member who was skilled with the transfers often found themselves liberated from a job.) Susan Forsburg, professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, was an early user of the Mac.
Journal Article
The return of the smiley face
The iconic, ubiquitous smiley face of the 1960s and 70s represented happiness that could be taken in and felt deeply, even if only for a moment. Today we are in a much different world, one in which the understanding of the value of happiness can seem distant. Talking about \"feelings\" does not go over well in the board room, in setting workforce management strategies, or in budget discussions. That could all be changing and we may finally be getting the attention of leadership on this long neglected and important topic. The cost and quality implications of an unhappy workforce seem immense. We can keep trying to squeeze more out of our health care workforce or we can invest in their wellbeing and get more out of them.
Journal Article
The Old Man and the Sea Urchin Genome: Theory and Data in the Work of Eric Davidson, 1969-2006
Eric Davidson's work from 1969-2006 illustrates a period in the study of gene regulation that marked a transition from the gene to the genome and from theory-driven to data-intensive science. To make sense of this transition, I address Davidson's work during a first, predominantly theoretical, episode and contrast it with a later chapter in his research devoted to sequencing the California purple sea urchin genome and, more recently, to the computerized analysis of sea urchin development. By comparing these two approaches I offer some thoughts on how work configuration and material organization in the study of metazoan gene regulation have changed over the past forty years.
Journal Article
The Switch
From the telegraph to the touchscreen, how the
development of binary switching transformed everyday life and
changed the shape of human agency
The Switch traces the sudden rise of a technology that
has transformed everyday life for billions of people: the binary
switch. By chronicling the rapid growth of binary switching since
the mid-nineteenth century, Jason Puskar contends that there is no
human activity as common today as pushing a button or flipping a
switch-the deceptively simple act of turning something on or off.
More than a technical history, The Switch offers a
cultural and political analysis of how reducing so much human
action to binary alternatives has profoundly reshaped modern
society.
Analyzing this history, Puskar charts the rapid shift from
analog to digital across a range of devices-keyboards, cameras,
guns, light switches, computers, game controls, even the \"nuclear
button\"-to understand how nineteenth-century techniques continue to
influence today's pervasive digital technologies. In contexts that
include musical performance, finger counting, machine writing,
voting methods, and immersive play, Puskar shows how the switch to
switching led to radically new forms of action and thought.
The innovative analysis in The Switch makes clear that
binary inputs have altered human agency by making choice
instantaneous, effort minimal, and effects more far-reaching than
ever. In the process, it concludes, switching also fosters forms of
individualism that, though empowering for many, also preserve a
legacy of inequality and even domination.
eBook
Comparison of the effect of 360° versus two-dimensional virtual reality video on history taking and physical examination skills learning among undergraduate medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Before caring for patients, video instruction is commonly used for undergraduate medical students, and 360° virtual reality (VR) videos have gained increasing interest in clinical medical education. Therefore, the effect of immersive 360° VR video learning compared with two-dimensional (2D) VR video learning in clinical skills acquisition should be evaluated. This randomized, intervention-controlled clinical trial was aimed to assess whether immersive 360° VR video improves undergraduate medical students' learning effectiveness and reduces the cognitive load in history taking and physical examination (H&P) training. From May 1 2018 to October 30 2018, 64 senior undergraduate medical students in a tertiary academic hospital were randomized to receive a 10-min immersive 360° (360° VR video group; n = 32) or 2D VR instructional video (2D VR video group; n = 32), including essential knowledge and competency of H&P. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable for age, sex, and cognitive style. The total procedure skill score, physical examination score, learner’s satisfaction score, and total cognitive load in the 360° VR video group were significantly higher than those in the 2D VR video group (effect sizes [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.21–1.22], 0.63 [0.12–1.13], 0.56 [0.06–1.06], and 0.53 [0.03–1.03], respectively). This study suggested that a10-minute 360° VR video instruction helped undergraduate medical students perform fundamental H&P skills as effectively as 2D VR video. Furthermore, the 360° VR video might result in significantly better procedural metrics of physical examinations with higher learner satisfaction despite the higher cognitive load.
Journal Article
An analysis of the robustness of UAV agriculture field coverage using multi-agent reinforcement learning
Agriculture is a vital sector in developing nations such as India, and the use of autonomous vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the potential to revolutionize farming practices. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly important in agriculture, as they can provide valuable data for crop monitoring and pest control. In this study, we investigate the reliability of a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) method for UAV field coverage. The algorithm enables a group of UAVs equipped with ground-facing cameras to learn how to provide complete coverage of an unknown Field of Interest (FoI) while minimizing camera view overlap. We test the algorithm in scenarios where the FoI and camera Field of View (FoV) are dynamically updated in the environment, to evaluate its performance under more dynamic conditions. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness and resilience of the proposed method in varying environmental conditions, highlighting its potential for Precision Agriculture (PA) applications.
Journal Article