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Engineering design : representation and reasoning
\"This text demonstrates that symbolic representation, and related problem-solving methods, offer significant opportunities to clarify and articulate concepts of design\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Design and optimization of conformal cooling channels for injection molding: a review
The recent developments in the additive manufacturing make easier and affordable the fabrication of conformal cooling channels (CCCs) compared with the traditional machining techniques. Conformal cooling channels (CCCs) achieve better cooling performances than the conventional (straight-drilled) channels during the injection molding process since they can follow the pathways of the molded geometry while the conventional channels fail. Cooling time, total injection time, uniform temperature distribution, thermal stress, warpage thickness, etc. are some of the objectives that are improved via CCC applications. However, the CCC design process is more complex than the conventional channels; therefore, computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulations have significant importance for the effective and affordable design. This review study presents the main design steps of CCCs as follows: (1) a background of the CCC fabrication process is projected, (2) the thermal and mechanical models are presented with respect to the 1D analytical model, (3) the CAE-supported design criteria are discussed for the 3D models of CCCs and relevant mold materials, (4) some of the illustrative CAE simulations are explained in detail according to the computational thermal and mechanical objectives, and (5) the single- and multi-objective optimization procedures are defined. By following the aforementioned steps, clearer and effective CAE steps can be obtained for the designers before the on-site fabrication of CCCs.
Journal Article
Design, simulation and optimization of conformal cooling channels in injection molds: a review
The manufacturing of conformal cooling channels (CCC’s) is now easier and more affordable, owing to the recent developments in the field of additive manufacturing. The use of CCC’s allows better cooling performances than the conventional (straight-drilled) channels, in the injection molding process. The main reason is that CCC’s can follow the pathways of the molded geometry, while the conventional channels, manufactured by traditional machining techniques, are not able to do so. Some of the parameters that can be significantly improved by the use of CCC are cooling time, total injection time, uniform temperature distribution, thermal stress, warpage thickness. However, the design process for CCC is more complex than for conventional channels. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulations are important for achieving effective and affordable design. This review article focuses the main aspects related to the use of CCC’s in injection molding, as follows: Sect.
1
presents an introduction, which focuses on the most important facts about the topic of this paper. Section
2
presents a comparison between straight cooling channels and conformal cooling channels. In Sect.
3
, the theoretical background of injection molding is presented. In Sects.
3
to
7
, the manufacturing, design, simulation and optimization of CCC’s are presented, respectively. Section
7
is about coupled approaches, in which several systems, methods or techniques are used together for better efficiency.
Journal Article
Computer-aided engineering design with SolidWorks
Designed for students taking the SolidWorks course in Colleges and Universities and for engineering designers involved or interested in using SolidWorks for real-life applications in manufacturing processes, mechanical systems and engineering analysis.
Book
A methodology for the optimal placement of conformal cooling channels in injection molds: 2D transient heat transfer analysis
Fabricating conformal cooling channels (CCCs) is now easier and more economical because of recent advances in additive manufacturing. CCCs offer better cooling performance throughout the injection molding process than typical (straight drilled) channels. The main reason for this is that CCCs can follow the courses of molded objects, whereas regular channels cannot. CCCs can be used to speed up cycle times, decrease thermal strains and warpage, and produce a more uniform temperature distribution. Using computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulations, designs that are both effective and economical can be made. The goal of this study is to optimize the design of an injection mold to speed up ejection and improve temperature uniformity. This work developed an optimization approach that improved the position of cooling channels during the mold design stage, enabling the construction of geometrically pre-optimized molds. It is safe to assume that the developed technique is efficient and suitable for the task’s intended objectives.
Journal Article
On BIM Interoperability via the IFC Standard: An Assessment from the Structural Engineering and Design Viewpoint
Building information modelling (BIM) plays a prominent role in a good deal of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) works, envisaging a full transition to digitalization for the construction industry. This is also due to a number of national and international regulations regarding the design, erection, and management of civil engineering constructions. For this reason, full interoperability of software environments such as computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) is a necessary requirement, particularly when the exchange of information comes from different disciplines. Users, throughout the years, have faced CAD–CAE interoperability issues despite following the IFC neutral open file format. This inability to share data (CAD to CAD, CAD to CAE) often generates model-interpretation problems as well as a lack of parametric information and a disconnection of elements. This paper addresses issues and mapping mechanisms in the exchange of data for the purpose of defining a baseline for the current status of bidirectional data exchange between AEC CAD/CAE software via the IFC format. A benchmark study, covering three years of software releases is illustrated; the assessment of the software performance was made with reference to criteria associated with the software’s level of suitability for use of the structural models. Four classes of performance, depending on the accuracy of the data transfer and on the associated corrective actions to be taken, were adopted. This confirmed that at the moment, the implementation of the IFC standard by software manufacturers is geared towards an expert class of users. Further efforts are needed in order to ensure its application is adopted by a wider class, thus extending and regulating its use by national, regional, and local authorities.
Journal Article
Feasibility study of using digital twins for conceptual design of air-quenching processes
The concepts of digital twins (DTs) have been widely studied to predict system performance, shorten design cycles, and implement preventive maintenance, but mainly, in large-scale enterprises. It is extremely beneficial to the whole manufacturing sector, since DTs can be readily implemented in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with basic computer aided engineering (CAE) tools; over 95% enterprises are SMEs. This paper aims to prove the feasibility of using commercial CAE tools, such as SolidWorks Simulation, to design air-quenching processes for SMEs. SMEs can benefit to explore new business opportunities, reduce system design cycle, and improve existing air-quenching processes. To our knowledge, it will be the first work of adopting DTs in conceptual design of an air-quenching process in sense that (1) the need of simulating an air-quenching process before physical implementation is discussed thoroughly; (2) heat transfer processes are classified, governing mathematical models for various heat transfer behaviors are introduced to present an evaluation model of a heat transfer process; (3) main process variables of air-quenching are identified; (4) a DT of an air-quenching process is developed and simulated to verify the capabilities of commercial SolidWorks Simulation; (5) case studies are developed to show how a CAE tool can be used in DTs. The findings from the reported work are summarized with a debrief of our future work.
Journal Article