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Kim Dotcom : caught in the web
The larger-than-life story of Kim Dotcom, the \"most wanted man online\", is extraordinary enough, but the battle between Dotcom and the US Government and entertainment industry, is one that goes to the heart of ownership, privacy and piracy in the digital age.
Streaming Video
The fight for control over virtual fossils
Palaeontologists have been urged to share 3D scans of fossils online, but a
Nature
analysis finds that few researchers do so.
Palaeontologists have been urged to share 3D scans of fossils online, but a Nature analysis finds that few researchers do so.
A man holds a 3-D printed model of a mongoose skull.
Journal Article
Killer tapes and shattered screens
Since the mid-1980s, US audiences have watched the majority of movies they see on a video platform, be it VHS, DVD, Blu-ray, Video On Demand, or streaming media. Annual video revenues have exceeded box office returns for over twenty-five years. In short, video has become the structuring discourse of US movie culture. Killer Tapes and Shattered Screens examines how prerecorded video reframes the premises and promises of motion picture spectatorship. But instead of offering a history of video technology or reception, Caetlin Benson-Allott analyzes how the movies themselves understand and represent the symbiosis of platform and spectator. Through case studies and close readings that blend industry history with apparatus theory, psychoanalysis with platform studies, and production history with postmodern philosophy, Killer Tapes and Shattered Screens unearths a genealogy of post-cinematic spectatorship in horror movies, thrillers, and other exploitation genres. From Night of the Living Dead (1968) through Paranormal Activity (2009), these movies pursue their spectator from one platform to another, adapting to suit new exhibition norms and cultural concerns in the evolution of the video subject.
eBook
The Politics of Sequence: Data Sharing and the Open Source Software Movement
The Bermuda Principles (1996) have been celebrated as a landmark for data sharing and open science. However, the form that data sharing took in genomics was a result of specific technological practices. Biologists developed and adopted technologies of the nascent World Wide Web and Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities for sharing biological information. These technologies supported decentralized, collaborative, and nonproprietary modes of production in biology. Such technologies were appealing not merely because they were expedient for genomic work but because they also offered a way of promoting a particular form of genomic practice. As the genome sequencing centers scaled up their sharing efforts, a small group of computer-savvy biologists used these tools to promote the interests of the public genome sequencing effort. The agreements at Bermuda should be understood as part of this attempt to foster a particular form of genomic work.
Journal Article
JSTOR
Ten years ago, most scholars and students relied on bulky card catalogs, printed bibliographic indices, and hardcopy books and journals. Today, much content is available electronically or online. This book examines the history of one of the first, and most successful, digital resources for scholarly communication, JSTOR. Beginning as a grant-funded project of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation at the University of Michigan, JSTOR has grown to become a major archive of the backfiles of academic journals, and its own nonprofit organization.
Roger Schonfeld begins this history by looking at JSTOR's original mission of saving storage space and thereby storage costs, a mission that expanded immediately to improving access to the literature. What role did the University play? Could JSTOR have been built without the active involvement of a foundation? Why was it seen as necessary to \"spin off\" the project? This case study proceeds as an organizational history of the birth and maturation of this nonprofit, which had to emerge from the original university partnership to carve its own identity. How did the grant project evolve into a successful marketplace enterprise? How was JSTOR able to serve its twofold mission of archiving its journals while also providing access to them? What has accounted for its growth? Finally, Schonfeld considers implications of the economic and organizational aspects of archiving as well as the system-wide savings that JSTOR ensures by broadly distributing costs.
eBook
On enhancing reputation management using Peer-to-Peer interaction history
Cooperation incentive mechanisms are an essential ingredient to the success of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems as they restraint the phenomenon of free-riding. We introduce an enhancement on reputation-based cooperation incentives used by the eDonkey2000 (ED2K) P2P file sharing network. This enhancement, called
History-based Reputation System
(HRS), can achieve better detection and control of free-riders, and by doing so enhances the scalability and fairness of the P2P system. HRS does not need the help of dedicated servers and/or central authorities, thus avoiding a single-point of failure. In addition, simulation results show that HRS achieves higher average download rate and smaller average download time for altruistic peers in a file sharing P2P system.
Journal Article
The Internet and American Business
When we think of the Internet, we generally think of Amazon, Google, Hotmail, Napster, MySpace, and other sites for buying products, searching for information, downloading entertainment, chatting with friends, or posting photographs. In the academic literature about the Internet, however, these uses are rarely covered. The Internet and American Business fills this gap, picking up where most scholarly histories of the Internet leave off--with the commercialization of the Internet established and its effect on traditional business a fact of life. These essays, describing challenges successfully met by some companies and failures to adapt by others, are a first attempt to understand a dynamic and exciting period of American business history. Tracing the impact of the commercialized Internet since 1995 on American business and society, the book describes new business models, new companies and adjustments by established companies, the rise of e-commerce, and community building; it considers dot-com busts and difficulties encountered by traditional industries; and it discusses such newly created problems as copyright violations associated with music file-sharing and the proliferation of Internet pornography. ContributorsAtsushi Akera, William Aspray, Randal A. Beam, Martin Campbell-Kelly, Paul E. Ceruzzi, James W. Cortada, Wolfgang Coy, Blaise Cronin, Nathan Ensmenger, Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz, Brent Goldfarb, Shane Greenstein, Thomas Haigh, Ward Hanson, David Kirsch, Christine Ogan, Jeffrey R. Yost William Aspray is Rudy Professor of Informatics at Indiana University in Bloomington. He is the editor (with J. McGrath Cohoon) of Women and Information Technology: Research on Underrepresentation (MIT Press, 2006 Paul E. Ceruzzi is Curator of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC. He is the author of A History of Modern Computing (second edition, MIT Press, 2003) and Internet Alley: High Technology in Tysons Corner, 1945-2005 (MIT Press, 2008)
eBook
PROSPER OR PERISH
ON 22 MARCH 2017, a new edition ofLu Xun’s Stories with Illustrations by Fan Zeng waslaunched at Peking University (the first edition was published in 1978). Fan Zeng 范曾 is an eminent, state-lauded painter of traditional Chinese art and the inaugural director of Peking University’s Institute for Research on Chinese Painting Methods.¹ Xinhua’s report of the book launch praised the artist for ‘enabling people to better understand Lu Xun’s writings and the spirit behind them, while also providing an excellent textbook for spreading traditional Chinese culture’. Xinhua noted that ‘Fan Zeng’s illustrations of Lu Xun’s stories have long
Book Chapter
Introduction
How can one grasp the present? Especially a present as fast and fleeting as our own, where new digital media technologies transform our modes of perception, awareness, and experience in dizzying ways? This book grows out of a desire to understand our present age of digital media, even as that era continues to metamorphose at a pace that stuns the imagination; there is something appropriate affectively, however misleading historically, in calling the digital era the age of “new media.”¹
My particular pathway into “new” (digital) media is through an “old” (analog) media form that clings to the present with remarkable
Book Chapter