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Software comes from India, hardware comes from China. Why is that? Why did China and India take such different paths to global dominance in new high-tech industries? Will their paths continue to diverge or converge? How can other countries learn from their successes – and failures – in reaching global scale in new industries? To answer these questions, this book presents the first rigorous comparison of the growth of the IT industries in China and India, based on interviews with over 300 companies. It explains the different growth paths of the software and hardware sectors in each country, providing insights into the factors behind the emergence of China and India as global economic powers. It provides a compelling case study of how differences in economic policies and the investment climate affect industrial growth. This book sheds new light on common debates on 'China versus India', on why India is the software capital of the world while China is a manufacturing powerhouse. It refutes common myths about the growth of these industries – for example, the role of Non-Resident Indians or the Y2K problem in the growth of the Indian software industry, the role of government intervention in industrial growth, and the relative size of China and India's software industries.

Software comes from India, hardware comes from China. Why is that? Why did China and India take such different paths to global dominance in new high-tech industries? Will their paths continue to diverge or converge? How can other countries learn from their successes and failures in reaching global scale in new industries? To answer these questions, this book presents the first rigorous comparison of the growth of the IT industries in China and India, based on interviews with over 300 companies. It explains the different growth paths of the software and hardware sectors in each country, providing insights into the factors behind the emergence of China and India as global economic powers. It provides a compelling case study of how differences in economic policies and the investment climate affect industrial growth. This book sheds new light on common debates on \"China versus India\", on why India is the software capital of the world while China is a manufacturing powerhouse. It refutes common myths about the growth of these industries for example, the role of Non-Resident Indians or the Y2K problem in the growth of the Indian software industry, the role of government intervention in industrial growth, and the relative size of China and India's software industries.

\"In 2017, a company known as Tencent overtook Facebook to become the world's fifth largest company. It was a watershed moment, a wake-up call for those in the West accustomed to regarding the global tech industry through the prism of Silicon Valley: Facebook, Google, Apple and Microsoft ... In this fascinating narrative - crammed with insider interviews and exclusive details - Lulu Chen tells the story of how Tencent created the golden era of Chinese technology, and delves into key battles involving Didi, Meituan and Alibaba. It's a chronicle of critical junctures and asks just what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur in China\"--Publisher's description.

This paper reviews the innovation of the S&T system during recent years in China, analyzes the university/research institute-industry (u/ri-industry) linkage and discusses the role ofu/Ri-industry linkage in the development of China's computer industry. The paper shows that universities and research institutes have become the driving force in the development of high-tech sectors in China by the case studies of the -industry linkage in computer industry. It proposes that developing countries follow China's experience of building indigenous innovative capacity by strengthening the U/RI-I linkage under adequate guidance of the government policy. Este trabajo analiza la innovation del sistema de ciència y tecnología en años recientes en China. Analiza la relatión entre Universidad/Instituto de investigación-industría (u/ri-industry) y debate el papel de ésta en el desarrollo de la industria de la computation de China. Asimismo demuestra que las universidades y los institutos de investigatión han llegado a ser la fuerza que impulsa el desarrollo de los sectores de alta tecnologia en China mediante el estudio de caso de esta relation en la industria de la computatión. Se propone que los países en vías de desarrollo sigan la experiència china de construir capacidades propias de innovation a través del reforzamiento de la conexión universidad/instituto de investigación-industria bajo la adecuada planification de politicas gubernamentales. Ce travail est une analyse de l'innovation que constitue le système de science et de technologie adopté en Chine ces dernières années. Il examine la relation entre université/institut de recherche et industrie (u/ri-industry) et traite du rôle joué par cette relation dans le développement de l'industrie informatique chinoise. Il y est démontré, à travers l'étude de ce cas précis, que les universités et les instituts de recherche sont parvenus à constituer la force qui impulse le développement des secteurs de haute technologie en Chine. Il est proposé enfin que les pays en voie de développement prennent modèle sur l'expérience chinoise de construction de ses propres capacités d'innovation sur la base du renforcement de la connexion université/institut de recherche-industrie, et planifient des politiques gouvernementales à cet effet. Este trabalho analisa a inovação do sistema de ciência e tecnologia em anos récentes na China. Analisa a relaçao entre Universidade/Instituto de investigação-indústria (u/ri-industry) e debate papel desta no desenvolvimento da indústria da computação da China. Demonstra também que as universidades e os institutos de investigação se tornaram a força que promove desenvolvimento dos setores de alta tecnologia na China através do estudo de caso desta relação na indústria da computaçao. Propõe-se que os países em vias de desenvolvimento sigam a experiència chinesa de construir capacidades próprias de inovação através do reforço da conexão universidade/instituto de investigação-indústria sob a adequada planificação de politicas governamentals.

Suicides, excessive overtime, hostility and violence on the factory floor in China. Drawing on vivid testimonies from rural migrant workers, student interns, managers and trade union staff, Dying for an iPhone is a devastating expose of two of the world's most powerful companies: Foxconn and Apple.As the leading manufacturer of iPhones, iPads and Kindles, and employing one million workers in China alone, Taiwanese-invested Foxconn's drive to dominate global electronics manufacturing has aligned perfectly with China's goal of becoming the world leader in technology. This book reveals the human cost of that ambition and what our demands for the newest and best technology mean for workers.Foxconn workers have repeatedly demonstrated their power to strike at key nodes of transnational production, challenge management and the Chinese state, and confront global tech behemoths. Dying for an iPhone allows us to assess the impact of global capitalism's deepening crisis on workers.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that has changed the traditional way of living into a high tech life style. Smart city, smart homes, pollution control, energy saving, smart transportation, smart industries are such transformations due to IoT. A lot of crucial research studies and investigations have been done in order to enhance the technology through IoT. However, there are still a lot of challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of IoT. These challenges and issues must be considered from various aspects of IoT such as applications, challenges, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts etc. The main goal of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion from both technological and social perspective. The article discusses different challenges and key issues of IoT, architecture and important application domains. Also, the article bring into light the existing literature and illustrated their contribution in different aspects of IoT. Moreover, the importance of big data and its analysis with respect to IoT has been discussed. This article would help the readers and researcher to understand the IoT and its applicability to the real world.

At present, the digital economy, which takes information technology and data as the key elements, is booming and has become an important force in promoting the economic growth of various countries. In order to explore the current dynamic trend of China’s digital economy development and the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality economic development, this paper measures the digital economic development index of 30 cities in China from the three dimensions of digital infrastructure, digital industry, and digital integration, uses panel data of 30 cities in China from 2015 to 2019 to construct an econometric model for empirical analysis, and verifies the mediating effect of technological progress between the digital economy and high-quality economic development. The results show that (1) The development level of China’s digital economy is increasing year by year, that the growth of digital infrastructure is obvious, and that the development of the digital industry is relatively slow. (2) Digital infrastructure, digital industry and digital integration all have significant positive effects on regional total factor productivity, and the influence coefficients are 0.2452, 0.0773 and 0.3458 respectively. (3) Regarding the transmission mechanism from the digital economy to the high-quality economic development, the study finds that the mediating effect of technological progress is 0.1527, of which the mediating effect of technological progress in the eastern, northeast, central and western regions is 1.70%, 9.25%, 28.89% and 21.22% respectively. (4) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the development level of the digital economy in the eastern region is much higher than that in other non-eastern regions, and the development of digital economy in the eastern region has a higher marginal contribution rate to the improvement of the total factor productivity. This study can provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the government to formulate policies for the development of the digital economy.

Data centers are becoming considerably more significant and energy-intensive due to the exponential growth of cloud computing. Cloud computing allows people to access computer resources on demand. It provides amenities on the pay-as-you-go basis across the data center locations spread over the world. Consequently, cloud data centers consume a lot of electricity and leave a proportional carbon impact on the environment. There is a need to investigate efficient energy-saving approaches to reduce the massive energy usage in cloud servers. This review paper focuses on identifying the research done in the field of energy consumption (EC) using different techniques of machine learning, heuristics, metaheuristics, and statistical methods. Host CPU utilization prediction, underload/overload detection, virtual machine selection, migration, and placement have been performed to manage the resources and achieve efficient energy utilization. In this review, energy savings achieved by different techniques are compared. Many researchers have tried various methods to reduce energy usage and service level agreement violations (SLAV) in cloud data centers. By using the heuristic approach, researchers have saved 5.4% to 90% of energy with their proposed methods compared with the existing methods. Similarly, the metaheuristic approaches reduce energy consumption from 7.68% to 97%, the machine learning methods from 1.6% to 88.5%, and the statistical methods from 5.4% to 84% when compared to the benchmark approaches for a variety of settings and parameters. So, making energy use more efficient could cut down the air pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and even the amount of water needed to make power. The overall outcome of this review work is to understand different methods used by researchers to save energy in cloud data centers.