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From the telegraph to the touchscreen, how the development of binary switching transformed everyday life and changed the shape of human agency The Switch traces the sudden rise of a technology that has transformed everyday life for billions of people: the binary switch. By chronicling the rapid growth of binary switching since the mid-nineteenth century, Jason Puskar contends that there is no human activity as common today as pushing a button or flipping a switch-the deceptively simple act of turning something on or off. More than a technical history, The Switch offers a cultural and political analysis of how reducing so much human action to binary alternatives has profoundly reshaped modern society. Analyzing this history, Puskar charts the rapid shift from analog to digital across a range of devices-keyboards, cameras, guns, light switches, computers, game controls, even the \"nuclear button\"-to understand how nineteenth-century techniques continue to influence today's pervasive digital technologies. In contexts that include musical performance, finger counting, machine writing, voting methods, and immersive play, Puskar shows how the switch to switching led to radically new forms of action and thought. The innovative analysis in The Switch makes clear that binary inputs have altered human agency by making choice instantaneous, effort minimal, and effects more far-reaching than ever. In the process, it concludes, switching also fosters forms of individualism that, though empowering for many, also preserve a legacy of inequality and even domination.

The COVID-19 disease is a major problem affecting human health all over the world. Consequently, researchers have been trying to find solutions to treat this pandemic-scale disease. Even if there are vaccines and approved drugs that could decrease the spread of this pandemic, multidisciplinary approaches are still needed to identify new small molecules as alternatives to combat COVID-19, especially those from nature. In this study, we employed computational approaches by screening 17 natural compounds from the tropical brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum known to have anti-viral properties that benefit human health. This study assessed some seaweed natural products that are bound to the PLpro of SARS-CoV-2. By employing pharmacophore and molecular docking, these natural compounds from S. polycystum showed remarkable scores for protein targets with competitive scores compared to X-ray crystallography ligands and well-known antiviral compounds. This study provides insightful information for advanced study and further in vitro examination and clinical investigation for drug development prospects of abundant yet underexploited tropical seaweeds.

If you are interested in Virtual Reality, want to learn how it works, and want to create your own VR experiences, this book is for you. We walk you through a series of tutorials and in-depth discussions using the Unity game engine.

In the course of only a few decades computers have revolutionized scientific research and more and more scientists are writing computer programs for doing their work. In spite of the ubiquitous use of computers in science, few researchers in the natural sciences have any schooling in computer science, software engineering, or numerical analysis. They usually acquire their computing knowledge 'on the job' and often feel overwhelmed by the amount of computing knowledge they must absorb. Computation in Science provides a background in computation for scientists who use computational methods. The book explains how computing is used in the natural sciences and provides a high-level overview of relevant aspects of computer science and software engineering with a focus on concepts, results, and applications. The goal of this book is to explain these basic principles, and to show how they relate to the tasks of a scientist's daily work in a language familiar to them. Its unique feature is in connecting the dots between computational science, the theory of computation and information, and software engineering. It will compensate for the general lack of any formal training in computer science and information theory allowing readers to better understand how they use computers in their work, and how computers work. Readers will learn to use computers with more confidence, and to see computing technologies in a different light, evaluating them based on how they contribute to doing science. This new edition has been significantly updated and extended to reflect developments in scientific computing, including new examples and references. It also includes a new chapter on reproducibility which reflects the importance that computational reproducibility plays. Accompanied by a website maintained by the author which hosts companion code and supplementary material, it is intended for both graduate students and experienced scientists. Some hands-on experience with computing is highly desirable, but no competence in any specific computing technology is expected.

This book is a compilation of knowledge about computer models in the three-phase stator reference frame. Chapters explore several aspects of the topic and build upon research previously presented by contributors. The book aims to provide interesting solutions to problems encountered in the design of railway and analysis in railway motors. The modeling approaches proposed by the authors in this book may become an incentive for readers and researchers to develop their 'lifehacks' to solve new problems in induction motor design and testing. Key topics presented in the book: - Approximate calculations of induction motor equivalent T-shaped circuit parameters with the use of catalogue data - Simulations of different types of shaft load, including fluid coupling - Receiving static characteristics of an electric machine during simulation by means of dynamic model - Simulation of the electric drive's specific applications with three-phase induction motors building - Direct start of an induction motor as part of an auxiliary drive of an AC electric locomotive, containing a capacitor phase splitter, starting with different types of shaft loads (fan or compressor). Special attention has been given to the description of the thermal model of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, which makes it possible to simulate operating modes when powered by an unbalanced voltage, as well as with squirrel cage defects. The thermal model is presented as a detailed superstructure to the model of electromechanical processes of an induction electric machine. Other key features of the book include references for further reading, an appendix for the parameters of the equivalent thermal circuit of an NVA-55 induction motor. The material presented in the book is of interest to railway motor engineers, specialists in electromechanics and electric drives who use SPICE-compatible CAD applications in their work.

Motivated by a computer experiment for the design of a rocket booster, this article explores nonstationary modeling methodologies that couple stationary Gaussian processes with treed partitioning. Partitioning is a simple but effective method for dealing with nonstationarity. The methodological developments and statistical computing details that make this approach efficient are described in detail. In addition to providing an analysis of the rocket booster simulator, we show that our approach is effective in other arenas as well.

The paper proposes a mathematical model of the formation of a deep-hole cut when boring it; substantiates that the cut is manifested as the technological heredity of the errors of the workpiece; confirms theoretical positions by using the method of computer simulation of the process of shaping during the finishing boring of the deep holes of hydraulic-cylinder barrels made of various steels; and introduces design and technological methods for minimizing hole errors.

Ausgehend von Anwendungsproblemen des Werkzeugs \"Modellierung und Simulation\" wird eine praxisnahe Vorgehensweise abgeleitet, die simulationsbasierte Vergleichsstudien unter den Aspekten Nachvollziehbarkeit, Vergleichbarkeit und Realitätsnähe erlaubt. Diese wird am Beispiel der Entwicklungsoptionen der Großkraftwerkstechnik hinsichtlich Wirkungsgradsteigerung und CO2-Emissionsminderung genutzt. Betrachtet werden stein- und braunkohlebefeuerte Dampfkraftwerke nach dem Stand der Technik, deren möglichen Fortentwicklung durch gesteigerte Dampfparameter, Braunkohlevortrocknung sowie CO2-Abtrennung im Post-Combustion- und Oxyfuel-Verfahren. Zudem werden die Unterschiede verschiedener Gasturbinenmodelle bei erdgasbefeuerten GuD-Kraftwerken untersucht.A methodology with a practical orientation is derived from experienced issues in the application of mod-elling and simulation. This methodology allows the simulation based comparative studies in terms of their replicability, comparability and modelling close to reality. It is used to investigate development options of utility sized power plants with regard to efficiency improvements and/or CO2 emission reductions. The study compares current state of the art hard coal fired and lignite fired steam power plants and their improvements by increasing steam parameters, lignite pre-dying as well as the application of CO2 capture by post combustion or oxyfuel technology. Furthermore, the impact of using different gas turbine models for natural gas fired combined cycle power plants are studied.

Existing approaches to conceptual modelling (CM) in discrete-event simulation do not formally support the participation of a group of stakeholders. Simulation in healthcare can benefit from stakeholder participation as it makes possible to share multiple views and tacit knowledge from different parts of the system. We put forward a framework tailored to healthcare that supports the interaction of simulation modellers with a group of stakeholders to arrive at a common conceptual model. The framework incorporates two facilitated workshops. It consists of a package including: three key stages and sub-stages; activities and guidance; tools and prescribed outputs. The CM framework is tested in a real case study of an obesity system. The benefits of using this framework in healthcare studies and more widely in simulation are discussed. The paper also considers how the framework meets the CM requirements.

This book is on urban resilience - how to design and operate cities that can withstand major threats such as natural disasters and economic downturns and how to recover from them. It is a collection of latest research results from two separate but collaborating research groups, namely, researchers in urban design and those on general resilience theory. The book systematically deals with the core aspects of urban resilience: systems, management issues and populations.The taxonomy can be broken down into threats, systems, resilience cycles and recovery types in the context of urban resilience. It starts with a discussion of systems resilience models, focusing on the central idea that resilience is a moving average of costs (a set of trajectories in a two-player game paradigm). The second section explores management issues, including planning, operating and emergency response in cities with specific examples such as land-use planning and carbon-neutral scenarios for urban planning. The next section focuses on urban dwellers and specific people-related issues in the context of resilience. Agent-based simulation of behaviour and perception-based resilience, as well as brand crisis management are representative examples of the topics discussed. A further section examines systems like public utilities - including managing power supplies, cyber-security issues and models for pandemics. It concludes with a discussion of the future challenges and risks facing complex systems, for example in resilient power grids, making it essential reading for a wide range of researchers and policymakers.