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"Computer simulation-History"
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Event History Modeling
Event History Modeling, first published in 2004, provides an accessible guide to event history analysis for researchers and advanced students in the social sciences. The substantive focus of many social science research problems leads directly to the consideration of duration models, and many problems would be better analyzed by using these longitudinal methods to take into account not only whether the event happened, but when. The foundational principles of event history analysis are discussed and ample examples are estimated and interpreted using standard statistical packages, such as STATA and S-Plus. Critical innovations in diagnostics are discussed, including testing the proportional hazards assumption, identifying outliers, and assessing model fit. The treatment of complicated events includes coverage of unobserved heterogeneity, repeated events, and competing risks models. The authors point out common problems in the analysis of time-to-event data in the social sciences and make recommendations regarding the implementation of duration modeling methods.
eBook
The Switch
From the telegraph to the touchscreen, how the
development of binary switching transformed everyday life and
changed the shape of human agency
The Switch traces the sudden rise of a technology that
has transformed everyday life for billions of people: the binary
switch. By chronicling the rapid growth of binary switching since
the mid-nineteenth century, Jason Puskar contends that there is no
human activity as common today as pushing a button or flipping a
switch-the deceptively simple act of turning something on or off.
More than a technical history, The Switch offers a
cultural and political analysis of how reducing so much human
action to binary alternatives has profoundly reshaped modern
society.
Analyzing this history, Puskar charts the rapid shift from
analog to digital across a range of devices-keyboards, cameras,
guns, light switches, computers, game controls, even the \"nuclear
button\"-to understand how nineteenth-century techniques continue to
influence today's pervasive digital technologies. In contexts that
include musical performance, finger counting, machine writing,
voting methods, and immersive play, Puskar shows how the switch to
switching led to radically new forms of action and thought.
The innovative analysis in The Switch makes clear that
binary inputs have altered human agency by making choice
instantaneous, effort minimal, and effects more far-reaching than
ever. In the process, it concludes, switching also fosters forms of
individualism that, though empowering for many, also preserve a
legacy of inequality and even domination.
eBook
The universe in a box : a new cosmic history
How was our universe built? What happened at its beginning? And where do humans fit in? We are a minuscule part of an incredible continuum: a chain of events spanning 13.8 billion years, with an infinite future. But what does that future hold? And will we ever truly understand our cosmic home? 'The Universe In a Box' is Andrew Pontzen's tribute to simulation - the remarkable fusion of technology and science that, over the last century, has allowed us to understand the distant past and far future of the universe. It challenges everything we think we know about galaxies, black holes and matter itself. And it reveals the pioneer scientists who unlocked mysteries of space, from redshift to improbable dark materials that pass, ghost-like, through solid rock.
BOOK
Historical Review of Surgical Simulation—A Personal Perspective
Although simulation is relatively new to surgical education, there is a long history in many other disciplines, such as military, aviation, and nuclear power plant operations, among others. In the late 1980s these technologies began to be adapted to the surgical world, along with the new technology of virtual reality. This is a review of the introduction of manikins, computers, and virtual reality into education and training for surgical skills. Two concomitant revolutions occurred: objective assessment of surgical skills and converting training from the apprenticeship model to one of criterion-based training. A personal perspective on these developments adds information not previously published.
Journal Article
The Virtual Flier: The Link Trainer, Flight Simulation, and Pilot Identity
The Link Trainer is often described as the first successful attempt at what we now recognize as flight simulation and even virtual reality. Instead of asking how well the device simulated flight conditions, this article shows that what the Link Trainer simulated was not the conditions of the air, but rather the conditions of the cockpit that was gradually filled with flight instruments. The article also considers the Link Trainer as a cultural space in which shifting ideas about what it meant to be a pilot were manifested. A pilot in the Link Trainer was trained into a new category of flier—the virtual flier—who was an avid reader of instruments and an attentive listener to signals. This article suggests that, by situating the pilot within new spaces, protocols, and relationships, technologies of simulation have constituted the identity of the modern pilot and other operators of machines.
Journal Article
Preparations, models, and simulations
This paper proposes an outline for a typology of the different forms that scientific objects can take in the life sciences. The first section discusses preparations (or specimens)—a form of scientific object that accompanied the development of modern biology in different guises from the seventeenth century to the present: as anatomical-morphological specimens, as microscopic cuts, and as biochemical preparations. In the second section, the characteristics of models in biology are discussed. They became prominent from the end of the nineteenth century onwards. Some remarks on the role of simulations—characterising the life sciences of the turn from the twentieth to the twenty-first century—conclude the paper.
Journal Article
Loehlin’s Original Models and Model Contributions
This is a short story about John C. Loehlin who is now at the University of Texas at Austin, dealing with his original simulation models and developments, which led to his current latent variable models. This talk was initially presented at a special meeting for John before the BGA in Rhode Island, and I was very pleased to contribute. It probably goes without saying, but John helped create this important society, has been a key contributor to this journal for several decades, and he deserves a lot for this leadership.
Journal Article
From science to computational sciences : studies in the history of computing and its influence on today's sciences
In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation.In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones.
eBook