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Critically Reviewing GraphoGame Across the World
Overall, game-based technology for early reading instruction has not robustly met the learning potentials of young readers. To better understand the effects and limitations of computer-assisted instruction in classrooms, researchers have called for more critical attention to learning theory, methodological selection, and context for learning. GraphoGame (GG), an adaptive serious game designed to prevent reading difficulties through the promotion of sound–symbol connections, has been implemented in over 20 countries. Therefore, the GG research base provides an opportunity to synthesize research on a single computer-assisted instruction across diverse contexts. Surprisingly, despite extensive use and further implementation plans, no review has yet synthesized GG’s effects. Specifically, this systematic literature review, with an embedded meta-analysis, synthesized 28 empirical studies for theory, methodological quality, and outcomes. The GG research base was dominated by theories of reading disabilities and psycholinguistics. Methodologically, quantitative methods, focusing on phonological and decoding outcome measures only, were most common. The meta-analysis (n = 19), measuring GG’s impact on word-reading outcomes, did not yield an overall meaningful effect size (g =-0.02). However, among moderators (language complexity, duration of intervention, and adult interaction), adult interaction was significant, favoring implementation contexts with high levels of adult interaction. Specifically, studies with high adult interaction produced an average positive effect size (g = 0.48), which suggests implications for classroom use. Regarding future research, the authors recommend stronger clarity of theory, attention to learning context, and a more purposeful collection of process data, which can be obtained through greater plurality of methodology.
Journal Article
The Instructed Learning of Form-Function Mappings in the English Article System
This article analyzes the instructed learning of the English article system by second language (L2) learners. The Competition Model (MacWhinney, 1987, 2012) was adopted as the theoretical framework for analyzing the cues to article usage and for designing effective computer-based article instruction. Study 1 found that article cues followed a Zipfian distribution for availability or frequency and that the cues had overall high reliabilities. Study 2 assessed the initial level of cue reliance in a group of intermediateadvanced L2 learners. As expected, the input variables of cue availability and cue reliability clearly influenced both the accuracy of learners' choices in a cloze test format and the subjects' response times. Study 3 demonstrated that the form-function mappings relevant for native-like article choice can be taught in two 1-hour sessions using the strategy of cue focusing. The type of explicit instruction (analogical, i.e., by giving analogous examples without metalinguistic comments, vs. metalinguistic feedback) had an additional effect on response time, while both instruction types led to a similar increase in accuracy. These findings are novel and are highly relevant to both theory and pedagogy.
Journal Article
Learning rates and known-to-unknown flash-card ratios: Comparing effectiveness while holding instructional time constant
Using alternating treatments designs, we compared learning rates across 2 computer‐based flash‐card interventions (3 min each): a traditional drill intervention with 15 unknown words and an interspersal intervention with 12 known words and 3 unknown words. Each student acquired more words under the traditional drill intervention. Discussion focuses on the need to account for instructional time when learning procedures are evaluated and compared.
Journal Article
Teaching children online : a conversation-based approach
\"What does best practice in online education look like? How can educators make use of the affordances offered by online environments to bring out the best in the children they teach? These questions are answered in this new textbook, written with experienced teachers, novice educators and teacher educators in mind\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Learner Preferences and Prior Knowledge in Learner-Controlled Computer-Based Instruction
This study examined the effects of prior knowledge, learner preference for control, and type of control (learner or program) on the achievement of middle-school students in a computer-based instructional program on adding and subtracting integers. Students were blocked by preference-for-control scores and randomly assigned to either a learner-control or program-control version of instruction. A significant three-way interaction (prior knowledge × preference scores × type of control) revealed that students with high prior knowledge achieved better on the posttest when their preference for control was matched with the type of control they received, whereas students with low prior knowledge achieved better when their preference was mismatched. A significant three-way interaction on attitude reflected the same pattern found in the interaction for achievement scores. The overall results indicate that matching learner preference to the type of program they receive is an effective strategy for high-prior-knowledge students but not for those with low prior knowledge.
Journal Article
Learning path construction in e-learning : what to learn, how to learn, and how to improve
This book focuses on developing methods for constructing learning paths in terms of \"learning resources\" (learning contents), \"learning approaches\" (learning method), and \"learning quality\" (learning performance) to support learning. This book defines different teaching approaches for learning activities and organizes them into a learning path which indicates the learning sequence. This book introduces how to automatically generate well-structured learning resources for different students. Also, this book introduces a method about how to generate adaptive learning approach to learn learning resources for different students. Finally, this book introduces a method to monitor and control learning quality. The adaptive learning path expresses well-structured learning contents, using which approach to access those learning contents, and in which sequence to carry out the learning process. The learning path comes with a monitoring tool to control the learning progress, which helps to make students having a balanced development on different knowledge and abilities.
Book
The LearningWheel
Given the influence of digital technologies on the world at large education and educators are yet again being forced to consider their educational practices. Not all educators have been socialised professionally to use technologies and therefore knowledge gaps exist. This book adds to emerging conversations about the use of technologies to support and indeed replace traditional teaching methodologies in a range of educational settings. It offers an example of innovative approach 'LearningWheel' to bridge the afore mentioned knowledge gap and provides an opportunity for readers to engage with technologies for teaching and learning purposes.
eBook