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Meaningful work is an important ideal, but it seems hard to give an adequate account of meaningful work. In this article, I conduct a revisionary conceptual analysis of ‘meaningful work’, i.e. a conceptual analysis that aims at finding a better and more useful way to use this term. I argue for a distinction between cases where work itself is meaningful and cases where other sources of meaning are found at work. The term ‘meaningful work’ is most useful for the former cases. I then argue for the reasons account of what makes work itself meaningful: work is meaningful if (and to the extent that) there are good reasons to do it. I compare this to established accounts of meaningful work, such as subjective meaningfulness, self-realization, alienation, the unity of conception and execution, autonomy, social contribution, and Veltman’s four-dimensional account. None of these capture the distinct concern that the concept ‘meaningful work’ should capture, or they do so less well than the reasons account. This also shows that work can be meaningful regardless of whether it is good in other respects, such as in inherent interest or opportunities for self-realization.

It is a well-acknowledged fact in legal translation studies that when searching for terminological equivalents, translators should make use of comparative conceptual analysis (e.g. Sandrini 1996; Chromá 2014; Engberg 2015). Thus, legal translation trainees should be equipped with the necessary tools to carry out such analysis, but the question remains: are they? This paper is a follow-up to a study published in 2017 (Klabal, Knap-Dlouhá and Kubánek 2017), where modified think aloud protocols were used to explore the following research question: to what degree are university students doing a course in legal and economic translation able to apply the methods of comparative conceptual analysis to translation of terms not accounted for sufficiently in legal dictionaries or terms with no straightforward equivalents. The results showed that major issues involve non-linearity of the analysis carried out and insufficient use of the resources available. The present study involves a different group of 29 BA students of the same course two years later, who were assigned the same task. As the retrospective protocols fail to simulate real-life conditions, this study uses screen recording and keystroke logging to track the processes leading to the identification of the conceptual equivalent in a more detailed and less subject-dependent manner. The results suggest that the steps most challenging for students include identification of relevant (essential) features defining the source and target language concepts, comparison of these features and selection, or creation, of an equivalent term reflecting the results of the analysis. Students also frequently show Google-driven searching, which influences the order of the steps performed in their analyses and the sources used. To address these challenges, translation training should include a range of tailor-made exercises focusing on the critical steps of the analysis as well as on improving web searching skills.

Everyday (mis)uses of deepfakes define prevailing conceptualizations of what they are and the moral stakes in their deployment. But one complication in understanding deepfakes is that they are not photographic yet nonetheless manipulate lens-based recordings with the intent of mimicking photographs. The harmfulness of deepfakes, moreover, significantly depends on their potential to be mistaken for photographs and on the belief that photographs capture actual events, a tenet known as the transparency thesis, which scholars have somewhat ironically attacked by citing digital imaging techniques as counterexamples. Combining these positions, this paper sets out two core points: (1) that conceptions about the nature of photography introduce imperatives about its uses; and (2) that popular cultural understandings of photography imply normative ideas that infuse our encounters with deepfakes. Within this, I further raise the question of what moral ground deepfakes occupy that allows them to have such a potentially devastating effect. I show that answering this question involves reinstating the notion that photographs are popularly conceived of as transparent. The rejoinder to this argument, however, is that to take the sting out of deepfakes we must, once again, become skeptical of the veracity of all images, including photoreal ones. This kind of critical mindedness was warranted before the invention of photography for both pictorial imprints and written accounts from various media sources. Given this, along with the fact that photographic trickery is nothing new, deepfakes need not push us into a post-truth epistemic abyss, for they imply a decidedly old turn.

This paper provides an accessible overview of the various approaches to concept analysis in order to provide a field for discussion of what ontological theorizing might entail. The article advances the notion of concepts as “basic” and sets out the parameters by which they acquire meaning, followed by a discussion of three approaches that address the multifaceted nature of basic concepts in and between different contexts. With the help of conceptual analysis, researchers can identify the first symptoms and manifestations of a particular problem or thesis, as well as establish the course of its development, from its very beginnings to the present day. This technique allows you to connect and explain the individual elements of the language idea, consider its internal structure and study it as a single system.

Background Generalizing the concept of compassion fatigue across healthcare settings or professions is difficult because compassion fatigue is a complex and abstract concept. Compassion fatigue is described as a result in the form of behaviors and emotions resulting from learning of another person's traumatic event. Compassion fatigue is considered a 'cost of caring.' This study was a scoping literature review that aimed to identify what is known about compassion fatigue in helping professions. Methods A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Taylor and Francis. Data analysis was conducted using PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Study results were mapped based on the following criteria: 1) conceptual analysis; 2) predictor factors; and 3) research progress. A total of 43 articles met the inclusion and eligibility criteria for further review in this scoping literature review. Results The results showed that it is difficult to imagine how a conceptual model of compassion fatigue could be equally relevant and applicable to various helping professions. Factors that can influence compassion fatigue are divided into personal factors (professional factors and sociodemographic factors), such as resilience, burnout, moral courage, emotional control, mindfulness, work experience, professional competence, and professional efficacy, and work-related factors such as traumatic experiences, life disorders, number of patients treated, job satisfaction, emotional support, social support, and fluctuations in interactions with suffering patients. Research on compassion fatigue has developed a lot, especially in the health sector, especially nursing using experimental, cross-sectional, and literature review research methods. Conclusion Further analysis is needed in developing a conceptual analysis of compassion fatigue that focuses on other fields of work more specifically and comprehensively by paying attention to, aspects, determinants, and validity of compassion fatigue symptoms.

The subject of the study is the development of a professional linguistic world view in Russian students, future translators for expert communities. The article considers the translator's work with a foreign-culture source text and reveals the reasons for the lack of understanding of the specifics of professional communication. It has been established that the professional concept acquires the function of a content integrator and, therefore, becomes the basis for the development of a professional translator's linguistic world view. For students to become familiar with these specifics, it is advisable that they develop the conceptualizing ability to develop a skill to choose an equivalent in Russian geological discourse corresponding to the concept in German. To this end, we propose a conceptual analysis training technology based on a case study of the concept 'Zeit' in German geological discourse since this concept is the most important universal one in German culture, it reflects the specifics of geologist communication in German geological discourse. The practical significance of the study is in the fact that its results can be used in practical translation activities. Becoming acquainted with any professional linguistic world views through concepts, professionally oriented translators can successfully participate in cross-cultural professional communication.

The data analysis of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) is being carried out by an increasing number of researchers, since the choice of lexical units and their description are now radically facilitated by corpus linguistics, which compiled all available texts in a particular database language based on a computer analysis and presented on the open Internet. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the conceptual cognitive features and structural modeling of the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept in the works of Ye.A. Yevtushenko, i.e.: (1) based on the RNC data, to determine the place of the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept in the Russian social and artistic worldviews; (2) based on Yevtushenko’s works, to identify the features of the artistic CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept in the individual author’s worldview; and (3) to characterize the interaction of the national and individual author’s worldviews in Yevtushenko’s works. To this end, the research involved general scientific methods of observation, description, and generalization as well as the method of conceptual analysis. The analysis of the RNC material shows that the structure of the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept is represented by five classes of features: (1) etymological and denotative motivating signs of the word representative of the concept; (2) conceptual attributes objectified as semantic word components; (3) figurative features; (4) categorical features; and (5) values (examples were taken from the main corpus of the Russian language as well as from the newspaper and poetic corpora). The analysis of the CIVIC   CONSCIOUSNESS concept in Yevtushenko’s works suggests the anthropocentricity of its figurative component. Its content is revealed in terms of the Russian national worldview and, at the same time, the individual author’s worldview of Ye.A. Yevtushenko. As the analysis of ways of conceptualizing the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept has shown, the most actual characteristics in Yevtushenko’s worldview are conceptual figurative features, including: anthropomorphic, animate and inanimate ones. In addition, categorical (dimensional, qualitative, etc.) and value attributes of the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept were identified. The analysis of Yevtushenko’s literary texts made it possible to identify some occasional signs of the CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS concept, in particular, a figurative sign of inanimate nature and a temporal attribute related to categorical features.

International protection is the fundamental concept of international refugee law. Turkey has adopted in April 2013 a new Law No. 6458 on Foreigners and International Protection (LFIP) which is effective as of April 11, 2014. The major reform brought by the LFIP is, undoubtedly, the introduction of the international protection concept in Turkish law for the first time. This article aims to focus on the different statuses under which international protection will be provided according to the LFIP and to evaluate this new law vis-à-vis the international protection system in general. 

Hannah Arendt focused on the connection and distinction between Labor, Work and Action in “Human Condition”. This article is based on the philosophical situation to explore the political situation and the human situation, taking the research of the core theory as the entry point, focusing on Arendt’s analysis and views on human characteristics in order to conclude my personal opinion.

Accounting firms are reporting the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their auditing and advisory functions, citing benefits such as time savings, faster data analysis, increased levels of accuracy, more in-depth insight into business processes, and enhanced client service. AI, an emerging technology that aims to mimic the cognitive skills and judgment of humans, promises competitive advantages to the adopter. As a result, all the Big 4 firms are reporting its use and their plans to continue with this innovation in areas such as audit planning risk assessments, tests of transactions, analytics, and the preparation of audit work-papers, among other uses. As the uses and benefits of AI continue to emerge within the auditing profession, there is a gradual awakening to the fact that unintended consequences may also arise. Thus, we heed to the call of numerous researchers to not only explore the benefits of AI but also investigate the ethical implications of the use of this emerging technology. By combining two futuristic ethical frameworks, we forecast the ethical implications of the use of AI in auditing, given its inherent features, nature, and intended functions. We provide a conceptual analysis of the practical ethical and social issues surrounding AI, using past studies as well as our inferences based on the reported use of the technology by auditing firms. Beyond the exploration of these issues, we also discuss the responsibility for the policy and governance of emerging technology.