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\"What truck do you need when you want to make a new sidewalk? A concrete mixer! Concrete mixers bring concrete to construction sites. From wet to dry, concrete mixers are there to help.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Effects of the Geometric Parameters of Mixer on the Mixing Process of Foam Concrete Mixture and Its Energy Efficiency
The paper studies the influence of the geometric parameters of the mixer on the mixing process, the construction of the mixing body, its location in the mixer bulk, and the mixer shape and geometry. The technique of calculating the power spent on mixing the foam concrete mixture is described. The effects of the ratio of the mixture height to the mixer diameter, the number and width of reflective partitions, and the shape of the conical part of the mixer on the homogeneity of the foam concrete mixture and the power consumption are considered. The optimal ratios of the foam concrete mixture height to the mixer diameter have been determined. Moreover, the optimal range of the ratios of the partition width to the mixer diameter has been established, in order to obtain a homogeneous foam concrete mixture throughout the volume with lower energy consumption. The optimal values of the angle of the mixer conical part for the preparation of a foam concrete mixture have been determined.
Journal Article
Experimental Research Regarding the Effect of Mineral Aggregates on the Wear of Mixing Blades of Concrete Mixers
Industrial mixers are equipment used to mechanically combine different types of materials in order to obtain homogeneous mixtures. In concrete industry production, mixers play a crucial role by facilitating the efficient and consistent blending of various constituents to create high-quality concrete. Because the mixers in the concrete industry work in conditions characterized by abrasive and erosive loadings, the authors of this paper tried to establish a dependence between the quality of the material from which the mixing elements are made and their wear resistance. Three types of cast irons alloyed with chromium, specific to the construction of mixing blades, were used in this research. The working environment was a mixture of crushed mineral aggregates corresponding to the granulometric class 4–8 mm. The tests were carried out on an experimental stand designed and built by the authors of this paper. The stand reproduces on a scale of 1:2 a drum made up of a double-axis horizontal mixer. The stand had the possibility to change the value of the attack angle of the mixing blades, corresponding to the following values: 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The results of the tests established the dependence between the type of material and the wear rate of the blades as well as the influence exerted by the angle of attack on the wear of the mixing blades. It was shown that when the inclination angle of the blade relative to the shaft axis increases, the cumulative mass loss decreases, with values between 43% and 55.83%, as a function of the quality of blade material.
Journal Article
Numerical Mixing Index: Definition and Application on Concrete Mixer
In this work, a statistical method is applied to a multiphase CFD simulation of concrete mixing performed in a truck mixer. The numerical model is based on an Eulerian–Eulerian approach in a transient regime. The aggregate materials are simulated as dispersed solid particles of various diameters, while the cement paste is simulated as a non-Newtonian continuous fluid. The first ten drum revolutions are analyzed from the condition of the completely segregated materials. The cell mixing index, defined by a statistical method in terms of mean, variance, and density probability function, is applied to the analysis of the simulation results. The statistical variables are implemented using the fluid dynamics code in the post-processing result analyses. The method predicts the distribution efficiency of the materials within a truck mixer as a function of its internal geometry, rotation speed, and mixture composition. As the number of revolutions increases, the distribution qualitatively improves, as shown by the motion fields, velocities, and vortices of the various materials, quantified through the calculation of the mixing index. The illustrated method can be used to predictively calculate the distribution effectiveness of new truck mixer designs before prototyping them and can be applied to other types of mixers. Furthermore, this study can be applied to liquid–solid mixing processes analyzed via the Eulerian multiphase numerical approach.
Journal Article
Influence of mixing procedure and mixer type on fresh and hardened properties of concrete: a review
Mixing concrete is not yet a fully understood issue, with many parameters having an influence on the resulting fresh and hardened concrete properties. Even for the same composition, a somewhat different microstructure can be obtained by changing the mixing procedure and the mixer type. A mixing procedure can differ in mixing time, mixing speed, air pressure in the mixing pan, addition time of the superplasticizer, temperature, etc. The concrete industry shows a great interest in controlling these influences in order to produce a concrete of which the mechanical, rheological and durability properties are well known. In this overview, different concrete mixers, mixing times, mixing speeds, different addition times of the superplasticizer and a different air pressure in the mixing pan will be examined. A review of existing literature is presented, as well as some new experimental results.
Journal Article
Experimental Research on the Wear Behavior of Materials Used in the Manufacture of Components for Cement Concrete Mixers
Mixers used in the production of cement concrete operate under special conditions such as mechanical stresses, abrasive–erosive friction phenomena, and corrosive working environments. In this paper, the authors aimed to establish a correlation between the chemical composition of mixer blade materials and their wear behavior. Three types of alloyed (chromium) cast iron were used for an experimental program that included three sets of tests in accelerated wear conditions which replicated the actual working environment (mixture of mineral aggregate, sand, cement, and water). The tribological tests were carried out using a Baroid tribometer. The results indicated that regardless of the test environment, cast iron with the highest chromium content exhibited the best wear resistance. However, it cannot be concluded that the wear resistance of the studied cast iron materials increases as a direct result of an increase in chromium content. For a chromium content of less than 25%, a better tribological behavior was observed for cast iron with a lower chromium content (of about 4%) than for cast irons with a higher chromium content (of about 9%).
Journal Article
A Fuzzy Adaptive PID Coordination Control Strategy Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Auxiliary Power Unit
Range extender hybrid vehicles have the advantages of better dynamics and longer driving range while reducing pollution and fuel consumption. This work focuses on the control strategy of an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) operating in power generation mode for a range-extender mixer truck. When an operating point is switched, the engine speed and generator torque of the APU will switch accordingly. In order to ensure APU fast and stable adjustment to meet the power demand of the vehicle as well as operate at the lowest fuel consumption, a fuzzy adaptive PID coordination control strategy based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to control the APU. The optimal operating curve of APU is calculated by coupling the engine and generator first. Then, the adaptive PID algorithm is used to control the speed and torque of the APU in a dual closed loop. The PSO is used to optimize the PID control parameter. Through hardware-in-the-loop tests under different working conditions, the control strategy is verified to be effective and real-time. The results show that the proposed control strategy can coordinate the operating of engine and generator and control the APU to track target power stably and quickly under minimum fuel consumption. Compared with traditional PID control strategy, the overshoot, regulation time and steady-state error are reduced by 55.1%, 11.1% and 77.3%, respectively.
Journal Article
Selection of truck mixer concrete pump using novel MEREC DNMARCOS model
Construction is one of the most developed industries of this century, especially thanks to the high rate of urbanization, mobility, and the tendency to fulfill global goals. A very important component of civil engineering is adequate and modern equipment which depends on the efficiency of execution of operations and processes in construction. A novel MCDM (multi-criteria decision-making) scheme was proposed in this paper, which means the development of the original and innovative DNMARCOS (Double normalized measurement alternatives and ranking according to the compromise Solution) for choosing a construction equipment among 16 variant solutions. For determination the criteria weights, an objective MEREC was applied, whose integration with the DNMARCOS method represents an additional contribution. The obtained results show that the first three alternatives Magnum MK 24.4Z-80/115 RH (A1); Magnum MK 28L-5-80/115 RH (A2); Magnum MK 25 H80 RH (A3) are the best solution for a construction company. To check the robustness of the proposed DNMARCOS method, a comparative analysis was made with the extant MCDM methods, and SCC (Spearman's correlation coefficient) coefficient and WS (Wojciech Sałabun) coefficients were calculated. The final results show the justification for the development of the original and innovative DNMARCOS model.
Journal Article
A Compact Concrete Mixing System for High Quality Specimen Production in Space: Automated MASON Concrete Mixer
Establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon and Mars will require the use of locally available resources for construction. A binder material similar to concrete is a promising candidate, provided that its production and performance under reduced gravity can be reliably understood. Previous microgravity investigations demonstrated the feasibility of mixing cementitious materials in space but produced irregular or low-quality specimens that limited standardized mechanical testing. To address these limitations, the MASON (Material Science on Solidification of Concrete) team developed the first-generation MASON Concrete Mixer (MCM), which enabled the safe production of cylindrical specimens aboard the International Space Station (ISS). However, its fully manual operation introduced variability and required significant astronaut time. Building on this foundation, the development of an automated MCM prototype is presented in this study. It integrates motorized mixing and programmable process control into the established containment architecture. This system enables reproducible specimen production by eliminating operator-dependent variations while reducing crew workload. In comparison to manually mixed samples, the automated MCM demonstrated reduced variability in the tested concrete properties. The automated MCM represents a first step toward autonomous space instrumentation for high-quality materials research and provides a scalable path to uncrewed missions and future extraterrestrial construction technologies.
Journal Article