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"Conditioning"
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Analysis of fault self-healing in signal conditioning systems based on immune principles
In the study of fault self-healing in signal conditioning systems of electromechanical equipment, the traditional signal conditioning system is composed of an amplification circuit and a filtering circuit. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics, parameter properties, and typical fault features of the signal conditioning system and establishes a health factor group to assess the system's anti-aging performance. A model of the signal conditioning system is established, and the system's faults are analyzed. Simulation experiments on the fault self-healing of the signal conditioning system are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the system's self-healing capability.
Journal Article
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm
Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially conceived of as a two-factor learning process in which fear is first acquired through Pavlovian aversive conditioning (so-called fear conditioning), and then behaviors that reduce the fear aroused by the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus are reinforced through instrumental conditioning. Over the years, criticisms of both the avoidance paradigm and the two-factor fear theory arose. By the mid-1980s, avoidance had fallen out of favor as an experimental model relevant to fear and anxiety. However, recent progress in understanding the neural basis of Pavlovian conditioning has stimulated a new wave of research on avoidance. This new work has fostered new insights into contributions of not only Pavlovian and instrumental learning but also habit learning, to avoidance, and has suggested that the reinforcing event underlying the instrumental phase should be conceived in terms of cellular and molecular events in specific circuits rather than in terms of vague notions of fear reduction. In our approach, defensive reactions (freezing), actions (avoidance) and habits (habitual avoidance) are viewed as being controlled by unique circuits that operate nonconsciously in the control of behavior, and that are distinct from the circuits that give rise to conscious feelings of fear and anxiety. These refinements, we suggest, overcome older criticisms, justifying the value of the new wave of research on avoidance, and offering a fresh perspective on the clinical implications of this work.
Journal Article
Solar cooling : the Earthscan expert guide to solar cooling systems
\"Cooling buildings is a major global energy consumer and the energy requirement is growing year by year. This guide to solar cooling technology explains all you need to know about how solar energy can be converted into cooling energy. It outlines the difference between heat-driven and photovoltaic-driven systems and gives examples of both, making clear in what situations solar cooling technology makes sense. It includes chapters on: - solar thermal collectors - solar cooling technologies - cold distribution - storage components - designing and sizing - installation, operation and maintenance - economic feasibility - potential markets - case studies. Solar Cooling is for engineers, architects, consultancies, solar thermal technology companies, students and anyone who is interested in getting involved with this technology.\" --Provided by publisher.
Book
Effects of a short‐term Interval Aerobic Training Programme with active Recovery bouts (IATP‐R) on cognitive and mental health, functional performance and quality of life: A randomised controlled trial in sedentary seniors
Summary Background Interval aerobic training programme with active recovery bouts (IATP‐R) has shown to improve tolerance to IATP among seniors. However, data concerning its benefits for seniors' health are still limited. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IATP‐R on seniors' health status. Methods Sedentary volunteers (n = 60, aged ≥70 years) were randomly assigned to either IATP‐R or maintained sedentary lifestyle for 9.5 weeks. IATP‐R consisted of 30‐minute cycling (6 × 4 minutes at first ventilatory threshold (VT1) intensity + 1 minute at 40% of VT1) twice a week. Cognitive and functional performances were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT‐A; TMT‐B); Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT); Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; 6‐Minute Walk Test (6‐MWT); one‐leg balance test; and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests, respectively. QoL and anxiety/depression status were measured by the Short Form‐12 and the Goldberg's Scale, respectively. All participants were assessed at baseline and 9.5 weeks later. Results Compared to controls, IATP‐R improved cognitive functions (TMT‐A: +1.5% vs −21.5%; TMT‐B: +0.9% vs −13.3%; PASAT: +1.4% vs −14.6%; semantic fluency: −1.1% vs +11.7%), functional performance (TUG: +5.4% vs −16.5%; 6‐MWT: −3.2% vs +11.5%; SPPB: −3.2% vs +14.6%; One‐leg balance: −16.3% vs +25.0%); QoL (physical health: −13.3% vs +23.1%; mental health: −7.1% vs +8.2%); and depressive symptoms (+26.3% vs −42.8%). Significant impacts were measured neither on letter modality of fluency tasks nor on anxiety score. Conclusion These data showed that IATP‐R is an effective training programme to improve functional and cognitive performances, mental health and well‐being in sedentary seniors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02263573. Registered October 1, 2014.
Journal Article
Cerebellar plasticity and associative memories are controlled by perineuronal nets
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are assemblies of extracellular matrix molecules, which surround the cell body and dendrites of many types of neuron and regulate neural plasticity. PNNs are prominently expressed around neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), but their role in adult cerebellar plasticity and behavior is far from clear. Here we show that PNNs in the mouse DCN are diminished during eyeblink conditioning (EBC), a form of associative motor learning that depends on DCN plasticity. When memories are fully acquired, PNNs are restored. Enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the DCN improves EBC learning, but intact PNNs are necessary for memory retention. At the structural level, PNN removal induces significant synaptic rearrangements in vivo, resulting in increased inhibition of DCN baseline activity in awake behaving mice. Together, these results demonstrate that PNNs are critical players in the regulation of cerebellar circuitry and function.
Journal Article
Pavlovian conditioning–induced hallucinations result from overweighting of perceptual priors
Some people hear voices that others do not, but only some of those people seek treatment. Using a Pavlovian learning task, we induced conditioned hallucinations in four groups of people who differed orthogonally in their voice-hearing and treatment-seeking statuses. People who hear voices were significantly more susceptible to the effect. Using functional neuroimaging and computational modeling of perception, we identified processes that differentiated voice-hearers from non–voice-hearers and treatment-seekers from non–treatment-seekers and characterized a brain circuit that mediated the conditioned hallucinations. These data demonstrate the profound and sometimes pathological impact of top-down cognitive processes on perception and may represent an objective means to discern people with a need for treatment from those without.
Journal Article