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"Connotation"
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Quaternary quality a medium quality that connects macro quality with micro quality
To construct the outlook on great quality, the concept of quality can be divided into two aspects, micro quality and macro quality at present. However, the definition of micro quality and its contents are not related organically with the conception of macro quality and its contents. So an intermediate variable between micro quality and macro quality is needed to link them together, and this intermediate variable is named as medium quality. This paper introduces the connotation of medium quality that includes the concept of quaternary quality, namely zero quality, unary quality, binary quality and ternary quality, and explains the progressive logical relationships of these four qualities. Micro quality and macro quality are cohered by medium quality organically, and thus formulates the scientific outlook on great quality.
Journal Article
Research on taking the road of Chinese path to modernization well——Based on a new development perspective
The fact of the matter is that Chinese modernization is not only a great creation of CPC, but also a path we must take to realize the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, This paper holds that we should focus on the theme of the national rejuvenation and deeply understand the historical exploration of Chinese modernization. And it is necessary to base ourselves on China’s national conditions and fully understand the scientific connotation of Chinese modernization. Besides, we should integrate with the times and firmly grasp the practical requirements of Chinese modernization.Only in this way can we firmly follow the path of Chinese modernization and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Journal Article
Scalar Implicatures and Beyond
This book offers a comprehensive survey on the study of scalar implicatures, a central topic in modern pragmatics. This multidimensional and interdisciplinary topic is intensely studied in contemporary linguistics, psycholinguistics, and philosophy of language. Being one of the most prominent topics in pragmatics, they offer a window into the mind of communicative agents. On the one hand, scalar implicatures are closely related to the lexicon and grammar of natural languages. On the other hand, they shed light on how the linguistic meaning is enriched with context and speakers' intentions and knowledge. Starting from an overview of the classic Gricean theory and the theoretical development introduced by post-Gricean scholars, the book illustrates the modern accounts of scalar implicatures across the domains of theoretical linguistics, such as semantics, pragmatics, and psycholinguistics. The central part of the book is devoted to the review of the most influential studies on the acquisition, comprehension, and processing of these pragmatic inferences. The last part of the volume focuses on open issues concerning scalar implicatures by illustrating recent experimental studies and theoretical accounts advanced by the authors in collaboration with several scholars.
eBook
Data sovereignty: A review
New data-driven technologies yield benefits and potentials, but also confront different agents and stakeholders with challenges in retaining control over their data. Our goal in this study is to arrive at a clear picture of what is meant by data sovereignty in such problem settings. To this end, we review 341 publications and analyze the frequency of different notions such as data sovereignty, digital sovereignty, and cyber sovereignty. We go on to map agents they concern, in which context they appear, and which values they allude to. While our sample reveals a considerable degree of divergence and an occasional lack of clarity about intended meanings of data sovereignty, we propose a conceptual grid to systematize different dimensions and connotations. Each of them relates in some way to meaningful control, ownership, and other claims to data articulated by a variety of agents ranging from individuals to countries. Data sovereignty alludes to a nuanced mixture of normative concepts such as inclusive deliberation and recognition of the fundamental rights of data subjects.
Journal Article
The Connotations of Numbers in Colloquial Arabic: A Pragmalinguistic Study
In Arabic culture, numbers have meanings based on old traditions and cultural beliefs. Some numbers have deep spiritual and symbolic meanings that may affect a person’s life path. Each group of numbers has a specific meaning attached to verbal number representations. This study pragmalinguistically analyses the use of numbers and their contextual connotations in Arabic. Six numbers are evaluated: two, ten, one hundred, one thousand, seven, and sixty. The study analyses these numbers in different contexts, providing the readers with expressions that portray negative and positive connotations. The study reveals that the number sixty has a negative connotation while ten, one hundred, and one thousand are used to denote exaggeration. The number two is used to express how many times something has been done. Finally, the number seven is a familiar number in different cultures with different connotations. The study also reveals that the connotations of the said numbers are related to social, religious, and cultural values. The study ends with two recommendations for further studies to analyse number connotations in other languages and to conduct comparative studies.
Journal Article
Analysis of an ancient single-arch covered bridge to Peach Blossom Spring, China
Ancient Chinese covered bridges are attracting increased attention due to their architectural appearance and manufacturing technique. In this study, an ancient single-arch covered bridge, Yinjia bridge, in Peach Blossom Spring in China has been investigated, mainly in the field of its cultural background, art aesthetics, and mechanical behavior. The methods of field measurement and finite element analysis were combined. First, the structural dimensions and construction of Yinjia bridge are introduced. Then, the historical origin and cultural connotation, the bridge corridor and decoration are considered, and the Chinese culture reflected behind the bridge design are investigated. A finite element model was built to study the mechanical behavior of the bridge. The numerical results indicate that the maximum vertical deflection of 4.32 mm is under but close to the limit of L/600, while no horizontal deflection exists at the foot of the arch crown. The maximum and minimum normal stress of 0.04 MPa and -0.12 MPa in components of bridge corridor are much less than the ultimate values of wood. The maximum compressive stress of 0.05 MPa of the bridge arch is within the limit value of the ultimate compressive strength of stone. This means that the structural safety performance of this ancient bridge is acceptable, and indicates that no significant structural damage has been found yet in the Yuxian bridge.
Journal Article
Subjective Well-Being Around the World
Using representative cross-sections from 166 nations (more than 1.7 million respondents), we examined differences in three measures of subjective well-being over the life span. Globally, and in the individual regions of the world, we found only very small differences in life satisfaction and negative affect. By contrast, decreases in positive affect were larger. We then examined four important predictors of subjective well-being and how their associations changed: marriage, employment, prosociality, and life meaning. These predictors were typically associated with higher subjective well-being over the life span in every world region. Marriage showed only very small associations for the three outcomes, whereas employment had larger effects that peaked around age 50 years. Prosociality had practically significant associations only with positive affect, and life meaning had strong, consistent associations with all subjective-well-being measures across regions and ages. These findings enhance our understanding of subjective-well-being patterns and what matters for subjective well-being across the life span.
Journal Article