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A Short History of Conservatism
The nature of conservative ideology is and will continue to be warmly contested. In this short history, Mark Garnett contends that the disagreements have been particularly strong in the instance of British conservatism because the ideological label continues to be used by a prominent political party. Whether hostile or friendly in intent, commentators on conservatism have found it difficult to avoid the assumption that British \"conservatism\" must, at all times, be reflected at least to some degree in the policy platforms of the Conservative Party.This book presents an account of British conservatism which avoids the usual confusion between the ideology and the stated principles of a party which prides itself on an ability to change its views according to circumstances. It shows, since the Tory Party adopted the name \"Conservative\" in the 1830s it has become increasingly difficult to associate its varying positions with a coherent \"conservative\" position, so that it is more profitable to discuss its ideological history from the perspective of liberalism and nationalism. This argument is presented by tracing the histories of the party and the ideology in separate chapters, whose themes and cast of characters rarely coincide.
eBook
Climatic Niche Conservatism and Biogeographical Non-Equilibrium in Eschscholzia californica
Species climate requirements are useful for predicting their geographic distribution. It is often assumed that the niche requirements for invasive plants are conserved during invasion, especially when the invaded regions share similar climate conditions. California and central Chile have a remarkable degree of convergence in their vegetation structure, and a similar Mediterranean climate. Such similarities make these geographic areas an interesting natural experiment for testing climatic niche dynamics and the equilibrium of invasive species in a new environment. We tested to see if the climatic niche of Eschscholzia californica is conserved in the invaded range (central Chile), and we assessed whether the invasion process has reached a biogeographical equilibrium, i.e., occupy all the suitable geographic locations that have suitable conditions under native niche requirements. We compared the climatic niche in the native and invaded ranges as well as the projected potential geographic distribution in the invaded range. In order to compare climatic niches, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Species Distribution Models (SDMs), to estimate E. californica's potential geographic distribution. We also used SDMs to predict altitudinal distribution limits in central Chile. Our results indicated that the climatic niche occupied by E. californica in the invaded range is firmly conserved, occupying a subset of the native climatic niche but leaving a substantial fraction of it unfilled. Comparisons of projected SDMs for central Chile indicate a similarity, yet the projection from native range predicted a larger geographic distribution in central Chile compared to the prediction of the model constructed for central Chile. The projected niche occupancy profile from California predicted a higher mean elevation than that projected from central Chile. We concluded that the invasion process of E. californica in central Chile is consistent with climatic niche conservatism but there is potential for further expansion in Chile.
Journal Article
Role of Family Climate in Shaping Entrepreneurial Characteristics
In order to gain insights into entrepreneurial behaviour from a psychological perspective, this study examined the role of family climate in development of Entrepreneurial Behaviour. Two standardized self-report measures, namely Family Climate Scale and Entrepreneurial Behaviour Inventory, were used on 61 participants (30 corporate employees and 31 venture owners). Then, the results were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation to see the relationship between Family Climate and Entrepreneurial Behaviour. For the comparison of both family climate and Entrepreneurial Behaviour between corporate employees and venture owners, the researchers used student’s t-test. The results of the present study indicate that family does not play a major role in determining entrepreneurial behaviour as there were a number of other external factors, which played a huge role in determining the entrepreneurial spirit. Future studies should explore other factors that affect the entrepreneurial spirit. Besides the family climate, taking the other psycho-social factors like locus of control, family, gender, and caste, further studies can be suggested as there is a growing need for entrepreneurial growth in the under developed and developing country like India.
Journal Article
European and American Extreme Right Groups and the Internet
How do right-wing extremist organizations throughout the world use the Internet as a tool for communication and recruitment? What is its role in identity-building within radical right-wing groups and how do they use the Internet to set their agenda, build contacts, spread their ideology and encourage mobilization? This important contribution to the field of Internet politics adopts a social movement perspective to address and examine these important questions. Conducting a comparative content analysis of more than 500 extreme right organizational web sites from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States, it offers an overview of the Internet communication activities of these groups and systematically maps and analyses the links and structure of the virtual communities of the extreme right. Based on reports from the daily press the book presents a protest event analysis of right wing groups' mobilisation and action strategies, relating them to their online practices. In doing so it exposes the new challenges and opportunities the Internet presents to the groups themselves and the societies in which they exist.
eBook