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"Constellations Atlases."
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Warburg’s Mnemosyne Atlas as another Iconoclastic Way
There are other forms of iconoclasm besides the destruction of idols. For example, an iconoclast can be considered one who, instead of eliminating a deified image, reveals the trick of a magician. The manipulator distracts attention with the gesture of one hand while the other acts. This action affects everyone when it is driven by political-economic power. Warburg’s Mnemosyne Atlas aims to eliminate magic and reveal the hidden plot that seeks to dominate society. His first panel already announces this: at the top, a map of the zodiac constellations; in the middle, Europe; and below, a genealogical tree of the Medici-Tornabuoni banking family. The Renaissance elites accumulate wealth and influence because it is seemingly dictated by the stars from birth. It is an illusion they display on the roofs of their palaces in the same way that a war is justified by a prophecy. There are some coincidences between Giordano Bruno, Aby Warburg and Vilém Flusser, in their respective ways to explain the dual role of image: both as a weapon of propaganda and as a device to disclose the truth. This article aims to reveal two different types of montages: the persuasive one, controlled by people in power through the ages, which is dismantled by the other, the photographic Warburg Atlas. A mirror broken into fragments, therefore, breaks the mirage: a new iconoclastic way.
Journal Article
GEORGE ENGELMANN'S LARGE MANUSCRIPT GLOBE OF 1690 AND ITS RESTORATION
Pour l'an 1690, George Engelmann, titulaire d'une chaire, crée un globe céleste d'un diamètre de 68 cm. Ce globe se caractérise par quelques particularités. Ainsi, les étoiles sont représentées à l'aide de pierres en verre de Bohème miroité et une mince plaque de laiton est apposée sur l'anneau de l'horizon. Les constellations avec leur nom et leur réseau de coordonnées ont été directement appliquées sur la couche de support en plâtre avec des couleurs à la détrempe. Engelmann a utilisé comme source scientifique l'atlas céleste « Harmonia Macrocosmica » d'Andreas Cellarius qui a paru en 1661 dans la maison d'édition de Joan Janssonius à Amsterdam. George Engelmann a exercé la fonction de diacre à Meffersdorf dans la province de Basse-Silésie (aujourd'hui Unięcice en polonais) et de pasteur à Wigandsthal (Pobiedna). Il n'exerçait pas uniquement en qualité de théologien, mais également en tant qu'orientaliste, astronome et mathématicien. Après son départ à la retraite, Engelmann partit pour Görlitz. Au cours de l'année de sa mort en 1710, il fit don du globe à la Bibliothèque du Conseil de Zittau. L'hémisphère nord du globe fut fortement endommagé pendant la guerre de 1945. Le trou qui en résulta fut rebouché à l'aide des moyens disponibles à l'époque. En 2004, de l'argent fut mis à disposition pour sa restauration. Au cours des onéreux travaux de restauration, le globe dut être à nouveau ouvert à l'endroit endommagé. Il fut ainsi possible de comprendre dans les détails la conception du globe. Depuis 2005, le globe est à nouveau exposé dans le site historique de « Heffterbau », le musée de la ville de Zittau.
Journal Article
ON THE DISPERSAL OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE SOUTHERN CELESTIAL SKY / ZUR VERBREITUNG VON WISSEN ÜBER DEN SÜDLICHEN STERNENHIMMEL
Knowledge usually is transferred from one place to another by means of books, manuscripts, letters and verbal communication. Our study of the discovery of the southern celestial sky by Dutch navigators at the end of the sixteenth century Indicates another mode of transfer of knowledge, namely by means of the celestial globe. We demonstrate this by showing that the data of the southern sky published in two very influential astronomical works, the \"Uranometria\" of Bayer (1603) and the \"Tabulae Rudolphinae\" of Kepler (1627) were copied c.q. derived from celestial globes. We conclude that the knowledge of the southern celestial sky was transferred from navigational quarters In Holland to astronomical circles In Europe mainly by the copying habits practiced by the cartographic Industry of the time.
Journal Article
HISTORIOGRAPHIC AND NUMERICAL NOTES ON THE ATLANTE FARNESE AND ITS CELESTIAL SPHERE / ZUM KARTENBILD UND ZU BERECHNUNGSMÖGLICHKEITEN AN DER HIMMELSKUGEL DES FARNESISCHEN ATLAS
The object of my research Is the celestial sphere supported on the shoulders of the so called Atlante Farnese. We are dealing with a well known piece quite often cited here and there but, In spite of Its fame, It has only been studied once since its modern appearance in Rome In the middle of the 16th century. The Importance of the celestial sphere has been undervalued in the last two centuries due to the scant attention paid to it and to the lack of any serious study. The present contribution Is divided Into three parts. The first Is devoted to a brief commemoration of the forgotten father of the history of globes and their makers, Matteo Florini. The second one provides a historiographical account on the Farnese Atlas starting from the 1695 examination by J.D. Cassini and F. Bianchini. Then I present my latest observations, true measures of the rings, the position of the constellations and a possible attribution.
Journal Article
the golden age of star maps
The years from 1603 to 1801 were the glory days of celestial mapping. During that time, many colorful and useful star maps were created by a variety of equally colorful individuals. Here, Tirion presents the grand atlases that have survived and encompassed both science and art including Johannes Bayer's Uranometria, Julius Schiller's Coelum Stellatum Christianum and Johannes Hevelius's Uranographia.
Magazine Article