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Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850
The US tolerates more inequality than Europe and believes its economic mobility is greater than Europe's, though they had roughly equal rates of intergenerational occupational mobility in the late twentieth century. We extend this comparison into the nineteenth century using 10,000 nationally-representative British and US fathers and sons. The US was more mobile than Britain through 1900, so in the experience of those who created the US welfare state in the 1930s, the US had indeed been \"exceptional.\" The US mobility lead over Britain was erased by the 1950s, as US mobility fell from its nineteenth century levels.
Journal Article
Women's liberation: what's in it for men?
The nineteenth century witnessed dramatic improvements in the legal rights of married women. Given that they took place long before women gained the right to vote, these changes amounted to a voluntary renunciation of power by men. In this paper, we investigate men's incentives for sharing power with women. In our model, women's legal rights set the marital bargaining power of husbands and wives. We show that men face a trade-off between the rights they want for their own wives (namely none) and the rights of other women in the economy. Men prefer other men's wives to have rights because men care about their own daughters and because an expansion of women's rights increases educational investments in children. We show that men may agree to relinquish some of their power once technological change increases the importance of human capital. We corroborate our argument with historical evidence on the expansion of women's rights in England and the United States.
Journal Article
Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America
The timings of historical fertility transitions in different regions are well understood by demographers, but much less is known regarding their specific features and causes. In the study reported in this paper, we used longitudinal micro-level data for five local populations in Europe and North America to analyse the relationship between socio-economic status and fertility during the fertility transition. Using comparable analytical models and class schemes for each population, we examined the changing socio-economic differences in marital fertility and related these to common theories on fertility behaviour. Our results do not provide support for the hypothesis of universally high fertility among the upper classes in pre-transitional society, but do support the idea that the upper classes acted as forerunners by reducing their fertility before other groups. Farmers and unskilled workers were the latest to start limiting their fertility. Apart from these similarities, patterns of class differences in fertility varied significantly between populations.
Journal Article
Consumption Challenged
In public debates, communication campaigns and public policies, it is increasingly common to attribute to consumers and their agency an ability to help solve a broad array of societal problems. This tendency is particularly clear in the field of food consumption, owing to the fact that food is both materially and symbolically central for consumers in everyday life as well as for large scale institutionalized dynamics. In order to shed light on the challenges facing food consumption, this volume takes an innovative theoretical approach, presenting four empirical Danish case studies which are compared with other analyses drawn from the wider international context. Consumption Challenged will appeal not only to sociologists of consumption, risk and the environment, but also to policy makers and researchers in the fields of geography, communication, media, governance and social psychology.
eBook
Responsible Cannabis Sales: A Narrative Review Considering Interventions for Dispensary Staff to Address Cannabis Harms
An industry of cannabis sales outlets (often called dispensaries) has proliferated in response to state-sanctioned legalization. This paper focuses on the interaction of dispensary sales staff (budtenders) and consumers, which likely has a substantial impact on the consumer experience. To date, there has been little consideration on this aspect of dispensary sales environment, in which staff provide guidance regarding cannabis products. Training programs for alcohol sales are frequently mandated; in contrast, budtender trainings are not currently required or otherwise regulated by state agencies, and therefore, do not address consumer or community safety. This paper explores responsible cannabis sales training and practice. Differences between cannabis and alcohol sales environments, including product diversity, consumer education and motivations, and market maturity are described.
Dispensary staff training, along with management policies may improve the quality of product education, and therefore, improve the safety to consumers and communities.
Journal Article