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"Containerization History."
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The Container Principle
We live in a world organized around the container. Standardized twenty- and forty-foot shipping containers carry material goods across oceans and over land; provide shelter, office space, and storage capacity; inspire films, novels, metaphors, and paradigms. Today, TEU (Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit, the official measurement for shipping containers) has become something like a global currency. A container ship, sailing under the flag of one country but owned by a corporation headquartered in another, carrying auto parts from Japan, frozen fish from Vietnam, and rubber ducks from China, offers a vivid representation of the increasing, world-is-flat globalization of the international economy. InThe Container Principle, Alexander Klose investigates the principle of the container and its effect on the way we live and think.Klose explores a series of \"container situations\" in their historical, political, and cultural contexts. He examines the container as a time capsule, sometimes breaking loose and washing up onshore to display an inventory of artifacts of our culture. He explains the \"Matryoshka principle,\" explores the history of land-water transport, and charts the three phases of container history. He examines the rise of logistics, the containerization of computing in the form of modularization and standardization, the architecture of container-like housing (citing both Le Corbusier and Malvina Reynolds's \"Little Boxes\"), and a range of artistic projects inspired by containers. Containerization, spreading from physical storage to organizational metaphors, Klose argues, signals a change in the fundamental order of thinking and things. It has become a principle.
eBook
Signs, things and packaging: Recovering the material agency of the cigarette packet
In recent years, cigarette packets have become the site of considerable legislative attention, via initiatives to remove industry branding from tobacco products. These efforts are based on the premise that branded cigarette packaging acts as a ‘silent salesman’ for smoking. According to this perspective, the cigarette packet has a particular sort of agency, but one rooted in its communicative powers rather than its material qualities. In this article, I reconsider this view, based on an analysis of archives in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library produced by a search of the term ‘packet design’, and scholarship on containerization. Taking up the idea of containers as undertheorized forms of materiality, I argue that the cigarette packet is best conceptualized as a technology with powerful, albeit largely invisible, physical consequences on the circulation of cigarettes and the practice of smoking itself.
Journal Article
Malcom McLean, containerization and entrepreneurship
Does the entrepreneurial market process reflect an equilibrating or disequilibrating tendency in the allocation of resources? We address this question by utilizing the case of Malcom McLean, who pioneered and introduced container shipping to international trade. We argue that Schumpeterian and Kirznerian entrepreneurship are distinct, yet complementary activities that drive the market process towards an equilibrating tendency. By realizing containerization as a lower cost method of shipping goods internationally, we argue that McLean acted simultaneously as a Schumpeterian and Kirznerian entrepreneur, illustrating that these two notions of entrepreneurship are different segments of the same equilibrating market process. Containerization had a disruptive effect on previous methods of ocean shipping, but its adoption was introduced through an act of arbitrage, namely by redeploying existing resources, such as cranes, ships, ports, and storage facilities from lower-valued uses to perceived higher-valued uses. In the process, McLean was able to realize previously unnoticed profit opportunities by correcting previously existing inefficiencies in intermodal transport.
Journal Article
AZERBAYCAN CUMHURİYETİ'NDE KONTEYNER ELLEÇLEME HACMİ İLE GSYİH DEĞİŞKENİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Container transportation by sea is one of the most important transportation modes of today, and it is one of the growing sectors. Container transportation can be effective on macro variables as well as contributing to the foreign trade activities of countries. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between the amount of containers transported by sea in Azerbaijan and the macro variables GDP-Per capita national income. In this context, two hypotheses have been established and it has been tried to determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the amount of containers handled in Azerbaijan and GDP-Manat and Dollar between the years 2000-2020. SPSS package program and correlation-regression analysis methods were used in the analysis of the hypotheses .According to the results obtained; It has been determined that there is a statistically significant, positive and strong relationship in the 95% confidence interval between the amount of containers handled in Azerbaijan and the per capita income in terms of GDP-Manat. On the other hand, no relationship was found between the amount of containers and per capita income in GDP-Dollars.
Journal Article
In the interest of others
In the Interest of Others develops a new theory of
organizational leadership and governance to explain why some
organizations expand their scope of action in ways that do not
benefit their members directly. John Ahlquist and Margaret Levi
document eighty years of such activism by the International
Longshore and Warehouse Union in the United States and the
Waterside Workers Federation in Australia. They systematically
compare the ILWU and WWF to the Teamsters and the International
Longshoremen's Association, two American transport industry labor
unions that actively discouraged the pursuit of political causes
unrelated to their own economic interests.
Drawing on a wealth of original data, Ahlquist and Levi show how
activist organizations can profoundly transform the views of
members about their political efficacy and the collective actions
they are willing to contemplate. They find that leaders who ask for
support of projects without obvious material benefits must first
demonstrate their ability to deliver the goods and services members
expect. These leaders must also build governance institutions that
coordinate expectations about their objectives and the behavior of
members.
In the Interest of Others reveals how activist labor
unions expand the community of fate and provoke preferences that
transcend the private interests of individual members. Ahlquist and
Levi then extend this logic to other membership organizations,
including religious groups, political parties, and the state
itself.
eBook
Managing a “People Business” in Times of Uncertainty: Human Resources Strategy at Ocean Transport & Trading in the 1970s
This article examines the role of human resources in the business strategy of Ocean Steam Ship Company (later Ocean Transport & Trading), one of the United Kingdom’s leading shipping firms. The time under review is the 1970s, a period of rapid and disruptive change for the shipping industry and of considerable difficulties for the UK economy. As a result of uncertainty over the development of the shipping industry in general, and Ocean’s business in particular, managing staff numbers and career opportunities became key elements of the company’s overall business strategy during these years. The article also examines the changing objectives of that strategy, the means by which these objectives were pursued, and the external constraints under which these objectives had to take place. It argues that Ocean found itself privileging the requirements of running a “people business” over other strategic concerns and that external constraints prevented the firm from pursuing theoretically more appropriate strategies, such as increased use of outsourcing and extricating itself from its UK-based, human resource intensive business.
Journal Article