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The integrity of peer review is fundamental to scientific progress, but the rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced concerns that some reviewers may rely on these tools to generate reviews rather than writing them independently. Although some venues have banned LLM-assisted reviewing, enforcement remains difficult as existing detection tools cannot reliably distinguish between fully generated reviews and those merely polished with AI assistance. In this work, we address the challenge of detecting LLM-generated reviews. We consider the approach of performing indirect prompt injection via the paper’s PDF, prompting the LLM to embed a covert watermark in the generated review, and subsequently testing for presence of the watermark in the review. We identify and address several pitfalls in naïve implementations of this approach. Our primary contribution is a rigorous watermarking and detection framework that offers strong statistical guarantees. Specifically, we introduce watermarking schemes and hypothesis tests that control the family-wise error rate across multiple reviews, achieving higher statistical power than standard corrections such as Bonferroni, while making no assumptions about the nature of human-written reviews. We explore multiple indirect prompt injection strategies–including font-based embedding and obfuscated prompts–and evaluate their effectiveness under various reviewer defense scenarios. Our experiments find high success rates in watermark embedding across various LLMs. We also empirically find that our approach is resilient to common reviewer defenses, and that the bounds on error rates in our statistical tests hold in practice. In contrast, we find that Bonferroni-style corrections are too conservative to be useful in this setting.

Assesses a new 'tournament' approach promising improvement on the performance of conventional foreign aid methods, where beneficiary groups compete to achieve the best implementation of a particular project. Evaluates performances, sustainability, time frames, and costs of recent applications. Discusses opportunities for improving and scaling up the application of tournament-based projects.

LAW A federal judge last month confirmed a $10.1 million arbitration award to a contractor for work done on Highland Pellets LLC's plant in Pine Bluff. Highland Pellets had asked U.S. District Court Judge Kristine Baker to throw out the award on grounds that the three-member arbitration panel ignored provisions of the construction contract. The pellet plant is a success story for Pine Bluff, producing 675,000 metric tons of wood pellets annually for the European market, the company's website said.

As University of California researchers return to work, union organizers say this is just the beginning of a nationwide push for better working conditions. As University of California researchers return to work, union organizers say this is just the beginning of a nationwide push for better working conditions.

In Colombia, coffee futures contracts represent essential financial agreements that allow producers and buyers to establish prices, quality, and conditions for future transactions in the coffee market. Despite the evident benefits of stability and predictability, this practice faces significant sustainability challenges that threaten its long-term viability. One of the reasons is the significant lack of transparency in the supply chain. Farmers, affected by abrupt price fluctuations and adverse weather conditions such as the El Niño phenomenon, experience an increase in market prices, leading to the non-delivery of the final product, and contract breaches as they find better prices in the local market. In this context, smart contracts emerge as a promising technological solution to address these problems. These contracts enable the verification of each step in the process, from harvest to final sale, within a blockchain. Therefore, this research designs a smart contract managed through a platform called SmartBeanFutures, which records the clauses of futures contracts using the IERC721 framework, allowing the generation of a unique and non-repeatable asset. It aims to sell, promote, and manage coffee sale prices during the agreement’s signing, creating a transparent environment for chain actors. This proposal undergoes evaluation in a test environment, providing farmers access to the designed platform. Following the validation of the proposal, it was identified that over 74% would use this type of contract in their agricultural processes, highlighting that implementing this technology contributes to eliminating intermediaries in the chain and gives farmers more control over their participation in the market.

PurposeProactive risk assessment suggests that risk assessment should emphasize the consequences that it might cause and the opportunities it might create for firms. Hence, this study aims to validate risk impact on supply chain performance in the context of the Vietnamese construction sector. Also, a complex network, in which multiple risk factors mutually affect, impede or promote each other, is developed to assist managers in tackling unpredictable risks proactively. In particular, the authors investigate whether certain risks could be considered either challenges or opportunities for businesses in turbulent times to improve SC performance.Design/methodology/approachThe construction industry is the focal study context as it is one of the most essential industries in charge of providing accommodations, infrastructures and employment for society. 289 valid responses used in this research are from a large-scale survey result, supported by a Japanese government project promoting sustainable socio-economic development in Vietnam.FindingsFrom the study findings, the authors find that external risk brings opportunities for supply chain performance. Meanwhile, demand risk, when it occurs, can reduce the danger level of operational risk, which is an interesting finding of this research. It is evident that when multiple risk factors mutually affect, impede or promote each other, it provides a more meaningful examination of mutually interconnected supply chain risks.Originality/valuePractitioners should perceive risks as an opportunity than a threat. This study contributes to preventing risks and guaranteeing an effective and efficient supply chain by tackling unpredictable risks in a disruptive period. Moreover, data on validating research models collected during the Covid-19 pandemic and Ukraine and Russia conflicts reflect the topicality of this study.

In a variety of areas (e.g., benchmarking, alternative equipment maintenance plan development), the HTM community is in need of definitions, guidelines, and standards, and there are a number of AAMI committees and task forces working on these. What we (HTM folks) need to do is \"drill down\" to gather this data in sufficient detail to meet the agreed-upon definitions and enter it into our computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) so it is readily available for analysis. [...]as these definitions are developed, reviewed, and published, an AAMI standards group is working on developing a long list of HTM-related definitions, including some terms that are relevant to COSR and other benchmarking metrics.

ASEE's 2023 Election Ballot will ask members to vote on a change to the Society's constitution in addition to candidates for seats on the Board of Directors. The amendment, which would eliminate the ASEE Projects Board, has the support of the Board of Directors. The ballot will state: The ASEE Board of Directors requests your support to eliminate the Projects Board. If you approve, Article III, Section 14, of the ASEE Constitution will be removed. That section currently reads as follows: Section 14. The Society shall have a Projects Board named by the Board of Directors. The Vice President External Relations shall serve as the Chair of the Projects Board. The terms of the members of the Projects Board shall be at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The bylaws of the Projects Board shall be provided by the Board of Directors.

Delegates at the BMA's annual representative meeting (ARM) in Bournemouth on 29 June voted in favour of a motion which said that \"all consultants, [BMA] members on the specialist register, and junior doctors of year three specialty training and above should be balloted on the new consultant contract proposals.\" At the BMA's consultants' conference in February, delegates voted against a motion calling on the association's Consultants Committee neither to approve nor accept any new contract...