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Laotian Daughtersfocuses on second-generation environmental justice activists in Richmond, California. Bindi Shah's pathbreaking book charts these young women's efforts to improve the degraded conditions in their community and explores the ways their activism and political practices resist the negative stereotypes of race, class, and gender associated with their ethnic group. Using ethnographic observations, interviews, focus groups, and archival data on their participation in Asian Youth Advocates-a youth leadership development project-Shah analyzes the teenagers' mobilization for social rights, cross-race relations, and negotiations of gender and inter-generational relations. She also addresses issues of ethnic youth, and immigration and citizenship and how these shape national identities. Shah ultimately finds that citizenship as a social practice is not just an adult experience, and that ethnicity is an ongoing force in the political and social identities of second-generation Laotians.

In this paper the concept of some weaker forms of irresolute and contra irresolute functions in Nano Topological spaces are studied and its related characteristics are discussed. Also we introduced the notion called contra nano alpha irresolute function, contra nano semi irresolute function, contra nano pre irresolute function and its properties are examined.

Deterrence mechanisms are established in Becker’s seminal 1968 study and literature as potential inhibitors of crime progression. Among these mechanisms, public lighting stands out, although its relationship with crime remains ambiguous and underexplored, particularly in the Brazilian context. Thus, this article aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of public lighting and property crimes, with a specific focus on home robberies and thefts in Brazil. Using data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) for the fourth quarter of 2021, two Probit models were estimated to assess this relationship. Results indicate that improvements in public lighting are associated with a reduction of these crimes, likely due to increased physical surveillance and informal social control. This greater visibility facilitates the identification of potential offenders, thereby discouraging criminal activities. These findings contribute to an ongoing debate on public security policies, emphasizing the importance of urban infrastructure improvements as a means of deterring illicit activities. Los mecanismos de disuasión se establecen en el estudio seminal de Becker (1968) y en la literatura como posibles inhibidores de la progresión del crimen. Entre estos mecanismos, destaca la iluminación pública, aunque su relación con la criminalidad sigue siendo ambigua y poco explorada, particularmente en el contexto brasileño. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la calidad de la iluminación pública y los delitos contra el patrimonio, con un enfoque específico en robos y hurtos a residencias en Brasil. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestra de Domicilios Continua (PNADC) del cuarto trimestre de 2021, se estimaron dos modelos Probit para evaluar esta relación. Los resultados indican que la mejora de la iluminación pública está asociada con una reducción en la ocurrencia de estos delitos, probablemente debido al aumento de la vigilancia física y del control social informal. Esta mayor visibilidad facilita la identificación de posibles infractores, lo que desalienta la práctica de actividades delictivas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al debate continuo sobre las políticas de seguridad pública, destacando la importancia de las mejoras en la infraestructura urbana como forma de disuasión de actividades ilícitas. Os mecanismos de dissuasão são estabelecidos no estudo seminal de Becker (1968) e na literatura como possíveis inibidores da progressão do crime. Entre esses mecanismos, destaca-se a iluminação pública, embora sua relação com a criminalidade ainda seja ambígua e pouco explorada, particularmente no contexto brasileiro. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a qualidade da iluminação pública e os crimes contra o patrimônio, com foco específico em roubos e furtos a residências no Brasil. Utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) do quarto trimestre de 2021, foram estimados dois modelos Probit para avaliar essa relação. Os resultados indicam que a melhoria da iluminação pública está associada à redução na ocorrência desses crimes, provavelmente devido ao aumento da vigilância física e do controle social informal. Essa maior visibilidade facilita a identificação de possíveis infratores, o que desencoraja a prática de atividades criminosas. Esses achados contribuem para o debate contínuo sobre as políticas de segurança pública, destacando a importância das melhorias na infraestrutura urbana como forma de dissuasão de atividades ilícitas.

In this article, we prove that the double inequalities α1[7C(a,b)16+9H(a,b)16]+(1−α1)[3A(a,b)4+G(a,b)4]0\\(a, b>0\\) with a≠b\\(a b\\) if and only if α1≤3/16=0.1875\\(_1 3/16=0.1875\\), β1≥64/π2−6=0.484555…\\(_164/^2-6= 0.484555\\), α2≤3/16=0.1875\\(_23/16=0.1875\\) and β2≥(5log2−log3−2logπ)/(log7−log6)=0.503817…\\(_2(52-3-2 )/(7-6)= 0.503817\\), where E(a,b)=(2π∫0π/2acos2θ+bsin2θdθ)2\\(E(a,b)= (2ınt^/2_0a^2 +b^2\\,d )^2\\), H(a,b)=2ab/(a+b)\\(H(a,b)=2ab/(a+b)\\), G(a,b)=ab\\(G(a,b)=ab\\), A(a,b)=(a+b)/2\\(A(a,b)=(a+b)/2\\) and C(a,b)=(a2+b2)/(a+b)\\(C(a,b)=(a^2+b^2)/(a+b)\\) are the quasi-arithmetic, harmonic, geometric, arithmetic and contra-harmonic means of a and b, respectively.

ABSTRACT The 1996 Inter-American Convention Against Corruption was the first treaty signed to tackle corruption at a transnational level. The Convention was adopted due to the increasing interest of the Organization of American States to protect democracy in the region, particularly against corruption and other vices of elected Governments. In that sense, the Convention promotes the convergence of national anti-corruption frameworks and international cooperation in transnational corruption cases. To improve its effectiveness, in 2001, the Organization created a Follow-up Mechanism based on consensual and technical cooperation. In 2016, a further step was adopted with the creation of the Mission to Support the Fight Against Corruption and Impunity in Honduras, which was terminated in 2020 by the Honduran Government to protect national sovereignty. The Convention demonstrates that the greatest weakness of supranational responses to corruption is the lack of international enforcement mechanisms. To address this situation, the Organization of American States has created flexible instruments to supervise the fulfillment of the Convention based on the cooperation and collaboration of the states. However, the defenseof national sovereignty (due to the non-intervention principle) and the State's fragility to implement anti-corruption policies have created further challenges.

The Anti-Eviction Mapping Project is a data visualization, data analysis, and oral history collective documenting gentrification and resistance in the San Francisco Bay Area. In this article, we discuss the history and methodology of our narrative mapmaking, situating our work in the tradition of critical geography, critical race studies, as well as feminist and decolonial science studies. Aligned with activist work that is fighting for a future beyond the current tech-dominated political economy of speculative real estate and venture capital, our project maps sites of resistance, while remembering spaces lost and struggled for. In this article, we highlight the connections between countermapping, oral history, and housing justice work.

Open rotors can play a critical role towards transitioning to a more sustainable aviation by providing a fuel-efficient alternative. This paper considers the sensitivity of an open-rotor engine to variations of three operational parameters during take-off, focusing on both aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. Via a sensitivity analysis, insights to the complex interactions of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics can be gained. For both the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of the engine, numerical methods have been implemented. Namely, the flowfield has been solved using unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes and the acoustic footprint of the engine has been quantified through the Ffowcs Williams-Hawking equations. The analysis has concluded that the aerodynamic performance of the open rotor can decisively be impacted by small variations of the operational parameters. Specifically, blade loading increased by 9.8% for a 5% decrease in inlet total temperature with the uncertainty being amplified through the engine. In comparison, the aeroacoustic footprint of the engine had more moderate variations, with the overall sound pressure level increasing by up to 2.4dB for a microphone lying on the engine axis and aft of the inlet. The results signify that there is considerable sensitivity in the model and shall be systematically examined during the design or optimisation process.

Based on ethnographic research in Contra Costa County, California (CCC), Pimping the Welfare System highlights a welfare program implemented after welfare reform that differed in significant ways from the predominant work first approach implemented by most welfare programs. The book argues that by imparting dominant economic, social, and cultural capital, CCC’s welfare program empowered participants and improved their quality of life and life chances. Successfully transmitting these types of capital, however, was dependent upon the discourses, practices, and pedagogy deployed by welfare workers — as well as the policies, practices, and resources of the welfare program. In particular, CCC’s welfare workers encouraged the acquisition and use of dominant capital (that which is desired by the labor market) by acknowledging and respecting the various types of capital welfare participants already had, and by encouraging participants to make strategic choices about deploying different types of capital. This book calls into question monolithic understandings of economic, social, and cultural capital and encourages a new conceptualization of capital that resists framing poor women as fundamentally 'lacking.' In addition, it points to ways welfare administrators and welfare workers can develop more empowering programs even within the confines of federal, state, and local regulations.

Renewable energy sources such as wind energy can alleviate climate deterioration and the global energy crisis, and a major piece of equipment for capturing wind energy is the vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), with contra-rotating VAWTs (CR-VAWTs) having received focused attention because of their excellent stability. In the study reported here, Taguchi’s method and computational fluid dynamics were used to optimise the four main parameters in the configuration of a three-blade H-type CR-VAWT, i.e. rotor spacing (S), diameter-to-height ratio (D/H), phase angle (α), and rotational direction (r). The optimum CR-VAWT was derived, and its power coefficients were compared with those of a stand-alone VAWT under low tip-speed ratio (TSR). It was found that D/H has the most effect (81.21%) on the CR-VAWT power performance, followed by α(7.37%) and then r(5.83%), with Shaving the least effect (5.59%). Compared to the stand-alone VAWT, the average power coefficient of the optimum CR-VAWT is much smaller when the TSR is less than 1.25, but the power performance of the latter gradually prevails as the TSR increases. At a TSR of 1.6, the optimum CR-VAWT has an average power factor improvement of 10.6% over the stand-alone VAWT. At the same time, the maximum total torque of the optimum CR-VAWT is only 6% of that of the stand-alone VAWT, giving the CR-VAWT good stability.

The pedestrian is the least protected road user. A large number of accidents involving pedestrians occur at pedestrian crossings. Bad lighting or a complete lack of it is one of the causes of accidents in these places. Currently, there are no uniform requirements in Europe for the lighting of pedestrian crossings. Each country is trying to create its system of requirements and assessment of lighting of pedestrian crossings. Measurement procedures and required lighting parameter values often vary significantly across countries. This paper discusses the results of measurements carried out at selected pedestrian crossings using two different measurement grids. The lighting quality at the tested crossings has been assessed based on the lighting requirements in force in two EU countries. In addition, we present the results for the illuminance contrast of a measurement board, representing the silhouette of a pedestrian on a crossing, with the background. Based on the determined contrast, we attempted to verify the lighting conditions using an evaluation system described in the literature, which employs fuzzy logic algorithms.