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"Convergence"
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Convergent evolution on earth : lessons for the search for extraterrestrial life
\"Why does a sea lily look like a palm tree? And why is a sea lily called a \"lily\" when it is a marine animal and not a plant? Many marine animals bear a noticeable similarity in form to land-dwelling plants. And yet these marine animal forms evolved in the oceans first; land plants independently and convergently evolved similar forms much later in geologic time. In this book, George McGhee analyzes patterns of convergent evolution on Earth and argues that these patterns offer lessons for the search for life elsewhere in the universe. Our Earth is a water world; 71 percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. The fossil record shows that multicellular life on dry land is a new phenomenon; for the vast majority of the earth's history--3,500 million years of its 4,560 million years of existence--complex life existed only in the oceans. Explaining that convergent biological evolution occurs because of limited evolutionary pathways, McGhee examines examples of convergent evolution in forms of feeding, immobility and mobility, defense, and organ systems. McGhee suggests that the patterns of convergent evolution that we see in our own water world indicate the potential for similar convergent forms in other water worlds. We should search for extraterrestrial life on water worlds, and for technological life on water worlds with continental landmasses.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Convergence of Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Circulant Matrices
The iterates of Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Circulant Matrices (FNSCMs) under the max-min product is examined right now. It is indicated that on the off chance that the first row of a FNSCM is in decreasing order, at that point the iterates of the circulant converge and on the off chance that the first row is in increasing order, at that point the iterates oscillate.
Journal Article
Shell, beak, tusk : shared traits and the wonders of adaptation
\"They say there's always more than one way to solve a problem, but some ways are better than others. Whether it's tall ears, shells, beaks, or even glowing phosphorescence, the animal world is filled with examples of creatures who don't share the same family tree but who do share important survival traits.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
On Unconditional and Absolute Convergence of the Haar Series in the Metric of \\( L^p0,1 \\) with \\( 0
We prove that there exists a universal Haar series of the form \\( _k=0^ınftya_kh_k(x) \\) with \\( a_k 0 \\) such that, for all \\( 0
Journal Article
Sigma Convergence versus Beta Convergence: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data
In this paper, we outline (i) why σ-convergence may not accompany β-convergence, (ii) discuss evidence of β-convergence in the United States, and (iii) use U.S. county-level data containing over 3,000 cross-sectional observations to demonstrate that σ-convergence cannot be detected at the county level across the United States, or within the large majority of the individual U.S. states considered separately. Indeed, in many cases statistically significant σ-divergence is found.
Journal Article
Rough convergence for difference sequences
As known, difference sequences have their own characteristics. In this paper, we study the concept of rough convergence for difference sequences in a finite dimensional normed space. At the same time, we examine some properties of the set.Keywords: Convergence, difference sequences, rough convergence, limit points.
Journal Article