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"Conversation Religious aspects Islam"
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The Conversation around Islam on Twitter: Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis of Tweets about the Muslim Community in Spain since 2015
Social media, especially Twitter, has become a platform where hate, toxic, intolerant, and discriminatory speech is increasingly spread. These messages are aimed at different vulnerable social groups, due to some of their differentiating characteristics with respect to the dominant one, whether they are phenotypic, religious, cultural, gender, sexual, etc. Of all these minorities, one of the most affected is the Muslim community, especially since the beginning of the Mediterranean refugee crisis, during which migration from the Middle East and North Africa increased considerably. Spain does not escape this reality as, given its proximity to Morocco, it is one of the main destinations for migrants from North Africa. In this context, there are already several studies focused on specifically investigating Islamophobic speech disseminated on social platforms, normally focused on specific cases. However, there are still no studies focused on analyzing the entire conversation around Islam and the Muslim community that takes place on Twitter and in a southern European country such as Spain, aiming to identify the latent sentiments and the main underlying topics and their characteristics, which would help to relativize and dimension the relevance of Islamophobic messages, as well as to analyze them from a more solid base. The main objective of the present study is to identify the most frequent words, the main underlying topics, and the latent sentiments that predominate in the general conversation about Islam and the Muslim community on Twitter in Spain and in Spanish during the last 8 years. To do this, 190,320 messages that included keywords related to Muslim culture and religion were collected and analyzed using computational techniques. The findings show that the most frequent words in these messages were mostly descriptive and not derogatory, and the predominant latent topics were mostly neutral and informative, although two of them could be considered reliable indicators of Islamophobic rejection. Similarly, while the overall average sentiment in this conversation trended negatively, neutral and positive messages were more prevalent. However, in the negative messages, the sentiment was considerably more pronounced.
Journal Article
The Tentative Mufassira
Qur'anic discourse is not confined to binary presentations of gender if people take a more expansive understanding of what constitutes gender. For instance, angelic bodies in human form and eschatological bodies in the Qur'an are liminal bodies that are not explicitly ascribed sex but that do have gendered qualities. In a preliminary way, Ibrahim explores the correspondences between gender in a grammatical versus ontological sense, but much more work could be done in this area. In terms of queer sexuality in qur'anic narratives, the Qur'an broaches the theme only with the story of Lot's townspeople.
Journal Article
A Kurdish Sufi Master and His Christian Neighbors
This paper examines the religio-political views of sheikh Ubeydullah of Nehri, the leader of 1880 Kurdish uprising. The paper uses new primary sources, which allow for a more coherent picture of the scopes and limits of sheikh Ubeydullah's views on a number of key issues, especially on topics of religious universalism and tolerance, Kurdish education, and Kurdish nationalism. The paper uses archival research and primary sources to challenge an existing scholarly view that the Sheik uprising was driven by his alleged anti-Christian views similar to those found among Turks. Instead, the paper argues that his views contrasted sharply with these and were, instead, rooted more in a Rum-type religious universalism that was actually more hospitable to Christians. This paper particularly focuses on the sheikh's relation with non-Muslims throughout and makes extensive use of the transcriptions of a three-hour conversation between the sheikh andw an American missionary figure. This long conversation unveils much about the motivations behind the 1880 Kurdish uprising and touches upon Ubeydullah's previously unknown and, interestingly, unorthodox thoughts about religious universalism and religious tolerance.
Journal Article
Giving and Taking without Reciprocity
This article contributes to the anthropology of ethics through an analysis of conversations among Muslim and Hindu householders in Tamil Nadu, India, about instances of alms/charitable giving where there is no expectation of direct reciprocity and where both giving and taking make reference to religion. I argue, first, that people make certain kinds of giving or taking ethical or unethical through talk and, second, that instances of ‘ethical talk’, which constitute reflections on and evaluations of action, point to questions concerning freedom and choice in people’s efforts to lead lives that are good or ‘good enough’. Such conversations also reveal a striving toward accepted forms of societal attachment and detachment while considering the claims that people can or should make upon each another.
Journal Article
Sacred Assemblies and Civic Engagement
Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of America's history. Currently, about 40 percent of the nation's annual population growth comes from the influx of foreign-born individuals and their children. As these new voices enter America's public conversations, they bring with them a new level of religious diversity to a society that has always been marked by religious variety.Sacred Assemblies and Civic Engagement takes an in-depth look at one particular urban areaùthe Chicago metropolitan regionùand examines how religion affects the civic engagement of the nation's newest residents. Based on more than three years of ethnographic fieldwork and extensive interviewing at sixteen immigrant congregations, the authors argue that not only must careful attention be paid to ethnic, racial, class, and other social variations within and among groups but that religious differences within and between immigrant faiths are equally important for a more sophisticated understanding of religious diversity and its impact on civic life. Chapters focus on important religious factors, including sectarianism, moral authority, and moral projects; on several areas of social life, including economics, education, marriage, and language, where religion impacts civic engagement; and on how notions of citizenship and community are influenced by sacred assemblies.
eBook
Forgive Me Friend: Mohammed and Ibrahim
This essay examines my accidental conversion to Islam and its discomforting consequences for my fieldwork in Morocco, While my conversion and my subsequent efforts to grasp its significance represents an awkward extreme, I use the episode to challenge similar tropes of friendship and obligation, accident and rapport in the American reflexive ethnographic tradition, especially in Morocco—one of the tradition's classic fieldwork sites. Focusing on my friendship with Mohammed (a Moroccan) and his efforts to negotiate my ambivalence, I argue that what remains underexplored in this ethnographic tradition and its thinking on friendship is the act of forgiving.
Journal Article
Between Muslim Women and the Muslimwoman
Cooke discusses her attempt to make sense of a growing problem confronting Muslim women, which she have coined a neologism--Muslimwoman. She highlights the ways in which non-Muslims and Muslim religious extremists alike deploy this newly entwined religious and gendered identification. She adds that Muslimwoman cosmopolitans are opening a moral conversation about human dignity, universal respect, and practices of inclusion and exclusion.
Journal Article
Roundtable Discussion: Feminist Religious History with Response
A roundtable discussion focusing a conversation among feminist historians of several religious traditions on how inclusive histories of these traditions can best be achieved, participated by Virginia Burrus, Tazim R. Kassam, and Rita M. Gross, and with moderation by Margaret R. Miles, is presented. Among others, Burrus problematizes history, feminism, and religion as contested terms, and asks how the social history of women relate to the discursive history of the feminine. She concludes by pointing to a new, productive way of writing feminist religious history through exchanges at the borders of religions where difference is encountered.
Journal Article
The Challenge of Fundamentalism for Interreligious Dialogue
Despite fundamentalism's imposing presence on the religious landscape, interreligious dialogue tends to operate as if it does not exist. Interreligious dialogue will never fulfill its unique mission until it recognizes fundamentalisms as conversation partners.
Journal Article