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\"Although The Chicago Manual of Style is widely used by writers and editors of all stripes, it is primarily geared toward nonfiction. In this book, Amy J. Schneider--who has copyedited fiction in all genres, from mystery and romance to literary fiction, including many bestsellers--provides a companion to the Manual for those working on fiction. Hers is the first guide designed specifically for this major segment of the editorial community. Schneider highlights and offers advice on issues unique to fiction, such as how to deal with various types of dialogue and when incomplete and ungrammatical sentences are acceptable. She discusses best practices for conscious language issues that are increasingly important to authors, publishers, and readers. She also explains the larger purpose and vastly expanded scope of style sheets in editing fiction, illustrating how to track the details of fictional characters, places, and events to ensure continuity across a work or a series. And she covers workflow and administrative practices that work well for the fiction editing process, based on her own 25 years of experience as a freelancer working for publishers large and small\"-- Provided by publisher.

Extrait: \"Parmi la foule des illustrations que le monde scientifique, artistique, littéraire et industriel étale pompeusement sous nos yeux depuis quelques années, au milieu de tous ces types peints par eux-mêmes ou par une main tantôt hostile, tantôt amie, il est encore, à Paris même, ce centre incontesté des sciences, des arts, de la littérature et de l'industrie, un type complètement inconnu, et cependant bien digne des regards de l'observateur: ce type oublié ou... \"\"À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARANLes éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de qualité de grands livres de la littérature classique mais également des livres rares en partenariat avec la BNF. Beaucoup de soins sont apportés à ces versions ebook pour éviter les fautes que l'on trouve trop souvent dans des versions numériques de ces textes. LIGARAN propose des grands classiques dans les domaines suivants: • Livres rares • Livres libertins • Livres d'Histoire • Poésies • Première guerre mondiale • Jeunesse • Policier

Although there are principles of writing that are like other forms of publication, writing a book has very different stages to it. This chapter explores all these through personal experiences and tips on good practice in getting a book from first ideas to actual publication and sales of the book. The ideas for a book come from the experience and interests, teaching and research activities, clinical practice developments and specific clinical skills, new areas such as service user engagement in nursing and a myriad of other issues that the readers encounter in their working day. If there is an idea for a book it is prudent to begin by contacting the Commissioning Editor, who is responsible for commissioning books for publication. The book is written and sent to the publishers in whatever format the publisher deems necessary, and mainly by one of the many sources of electronic submission, for copy‐editing.

Working as a copy editor for science journals published in English in a non-anglophone environment may pose challenges in terms of linguistic difficulties and cultural differences. This chapter explores the complexities of journal editing based on the experience of copy editors working for English-language science publishers in several non-English-speaking European countries. Good communication between the copy editor and the other participants in the publication process, from the authors to the journal editors, peer reviewers and production staff, will help to make copy-editing more effective. Additional capacities such as teaching and translation skills and knowledge of multiple languages are a plus for copy editors in this setting.

Damrau reviews The Concise Guide to Copy Editing: Preparing Written Work for Readers by Paul LaRocque.

Octopus bimaculoides genome and transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that a core gene repertoire broadly similar to that of other invertebrate bilaterians is accompanied by expansions in the protocadherin and C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor families and large-scale genome rearrangements closely associated with octopus-specific transposable elements. Octopus genome reveals secrets of a complex cephalopod Octopuses have been called 'the most intelligent invertebrate', with a host of complex behaviours, and a nervous system comparable in size to that of mammals but organized in a very different manner. It had been hypothesized that, as in vertebrates, whole-genome duplication contributed to the evolution of this complex nervous system. Caroline Albertin et al . have sequenced the genome and multiple transcriptomes of the California two-spot octopus ( Octopus bimaculoides ) and find no evidence for such duplications but there are large-scale genome rearrangements closely associated with octopus-specific transposable elements. The core developmental and neuronal gene repertoire turns out to be broadly similar to that of other invertebrates, apart from expansions in two gene families formerly thought to be uniquely expanded in vertebrates — the protocadherins (cell-adhesion molecules that regulate neural development) and the C2H2 superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors. Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are active, resourceful predators with a rich behavioural repertoire 1 . They have the largest nervous systems among the invertebrates 2 and present other striking morphological innovations including camera-like eyes, prehensile arms, a highly derived early embryogenesis and a remarkably sophisticated adaptive colouration system 1 , 3 . To investigate the molecular bases of cephalopod brain and body innovations, we sequenced the genome and multiple transcriptomes of the California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides . We found no evidence for hypothesized whole-genome duplications in the octopus lineage 4 , 5 , 6 . The core developmental and neuronal gene repertoire of the octopus is broadly similar to that found across invertebrate bilaterians, except for massive expansions in two gene families previously thought to be uniquely enlarged in vertebrates: the protocadherins, which regulate neuronal development, and the C2H2 superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors. Extensive messenger RNA editing generates transcript and protein diversity in genes involved in neural excitability, as previously described 7 , as well as in genes participating in a broad range of other cellular functions. We identified hundreds of cephalopod-specific genes, many of which showed elevated expression levels in such specialized structures as the skin, the suckers and the nervous system. Finally, we found evidence for large-scale genomic rearrangements that are closely associated with transposable element expansions. Our analysis suggests that substantial expansion of a handful of gene families, along with extensive remodelling of genome linkage and repetitive content, played a critical role in the evolution of cephalopod morphological innovations, including their large and complex nervous systems.

Although prime editors (PEs) have the potential to facilitate precise genome editing in therapeutic, agricultural and research applications, their specificity has not been comprehensively evaluated. To provide a systematic assessment in plants, we first examined the mismatch tolerance of PEs in plant cells and found that the editing frequency was influenced by the number and location of mismatches in the primer binding site and spacer of the prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA). Assessing the activity of 12 pegRNAs at 179 predicted off-target sites, we detected only low frequencies of off-target edits (0.00~0.23%). Whole-genome sequencing of 29 PE-treated rice plants confirmed that PEs do not induce genome-wide pegRNA-independent off-target single-nucleotide variants or small insertions/deletions. We also show that ectopic expression of the Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase as part of the PE does not change retrotransposon copy number or telomere structure or cause insertion of pegRNA or messenger RNA sequences into the genome. A very high specificity of prime editors is demonstrated in a study of their off-target activity in plants.

Background The thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha has been regarded as an important organism for basic research and biotechnological applications. It is generally recognized as an efficient and safe cell factory in fermentative productions of chemicals, biofuels and other bio-products. However, it is difficult to genetically engineer for the deficiency of an efficient and versatile genome editing technology. Results In this study, we developed a CRISPR–Cas9-assisted multiplex genome editing (CMGE) approach including multiplex genes knock-outs, multi-locus (ML) and multi-copy (MC) integration methods in yeasts. Based on CMGE, various genome modifications, including gene deletion, integration, and precise point mutation, were performed in O. polymorpha. Using the CMGE-ML integration method, three genes TAL from Herpetosiphon aurantiacus, 4CL from Arabidopsis thaliana and STS from Vitis vinifera of resveratrol biosynthetic pathway were simultaneously integrated at three different loci, firstly achieving the biosynthesis of resveratrol in O. polymorpha. Using the CMGE-MC method, ∼ 10 copies of the fusion expression cassette PScTEF1-TAL-PScTPI1-4CL-PScTEF2-STS were integrated into the genome. Resveratrol production was increased ~ 20 fold compared to the one copy integrant and reached 97.23 ± 4.84 mg/L. Moreover, the biosynthesis of human serum albumin and cadaverine were achieved in O. polymorpha using CMGE-MC to integrate genes HSA and cadA, respectively. In addition, the CMGE-MC method was successfully developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Conclusions An efficient and versatile multiplex genome editing method was developed in yeasts. The method would provide an efficient toolkit for genetic engineering and synthetic biology researches of O. polymorpha and other yeast species.

CERES is a new computational method to estimate gene-dependency levels from CRISPR–Cas9 essentiality screens while accounting for copy number effects and variable sgRNA activity. Applying CERES to new genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 essentiality screen data from 342 cancer cell lines and other published data sets shows that CERES decreases false-positive results and provides consistent estimates of sgRNA activity. The CRISPR–Cas9 system has revolutionized gene editing both at single genes and in multiplexed loss-of-function screens, thus enabling precise genome-scale identification of genes essential for proliferation and survival of cancer cells 1 , 2 . However, previous studies have reported that a gene-independent antiproliferative effect of Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage confounds such measurement of genetic dependency, thereby leading to false-positive results in copy number–amplified regions 3 , 4 . We developed CERES, a computational method to estimate gene-dependency levels from CRISPR–Cas9 essentiality screens while accounting for the copy number–specific effect. In our efforts to define a cancer dependency map, we performed genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 essentiality screens across 342 cancer cell lines and applied CERES to this data set. We found that CERES decreased false-positive results and estimated sgRNA activity for both this data set and previously published screens performed with different sgRNA libraries. We further demonstrate the utility of this collection of screens, after CERES correction, for identifying cancer-type-specific vulnerabilities.