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Cutaneous myiasis is an ectoparasitic disease caused by fly larvae. In non-endemic regions it is rare, often unfamiliar to clinicians and readily misdiagnosed. A 24-year-old Serbian traveller developed painful furuncular lesions on the thigh after returning from Kenya. The lesions were initially treated as insect bites with intramuscular corticosteroid, antihistamines and topical betamethasone–gentamicin. Spontaneous expulsion of a larva led to the recognition of myiasis. Three third-instar (L3) larvae were surgically removed. Morphological features and mitochondrial cox1 sequencing identified Cordylobia anthropophaga. Genetic analysis confirmed 99 % identity with reference sequences. This case highlights the challenges associated with diagnosis of furuncular myiasis in travellers. Awareness of travel history, maintenance of clinical suspicion and molecular analysis are essential for accurate diagnosis. Timely larval removal and prophylactic antibiotics minimise complications and improve outcomes.

Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates, either humans or animals, with dipterous larvae. Many organs can be infested by these larvae with cutaneous myiasis being the most common form. Cutaneous myiasis can be divided into three categories: localized furuncular myiasis, migratory myiaisis and wound myiasis, which occurs when fly larvae infest the open wounds of the host. Human myiasis has worldwide distribution, with more species and a heavier burden in tropical and subtropical countries. In recent years with increased travel to the tropics, myiasis has become common in returning travelers from these regions, Furuncular myiasis, mainly Dermatobia homonis becomes the most common form seen among them. Treatment is based on full extraction of the larva and no antibiotic treatment is needed. Understanding the mode of transmission of each type of myiasis may help to prevent the infestation.

Myiasis has been defined as the infestation of organs and/or tissues with dipterous larvae. They are especially widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. Cutaneous myiasis is its most frequent clinical presentation. This report presents a case of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 22-year-old girl living in Bergamo, Northern Italy, who returned from Kenya (Watamu) with a big, painful furuncle in her right gluteus. The patient accidentally removed the larva from a large pimple and took it to the infectious disease ambulatory clinic at the ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo. In the Microbiology and Virology Department of the same hospital, a larva of C. anthropophaga was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed.

Human myiasis is a neglected disease caused by parasitic infestation of the skin, cavities, and other body parts by larvae (maggots) of a wide variety of dipteran flies. Here, we present a case of multiple furuncular myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 61‐year‐old woman from Northeast Ethiopia. Obligate myiasis by Cordylobia species is common throughout tropical areas from Africa. It can occur at any age of the life and clusters of furuncular lesions in which the white end of a maggot can be seen indicating this infestation. It is self‐limiting but can result in secondary infection.

The presence of parasites on the farm can be a cause of losses in animal production, and often a threat to public health. A cross-sectional study was carried out in rural areas of the western highlands of Cameroon to determine the prevalence and husbandry-related risk factors associated with Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations in domestic cavies. The overall prevalence of myiasis in animals was 2·80% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·50–5·10]; myiasis was found in 2% and 4·30% animals in Menoua and Bamboutos divisions, respectively. Eleven farms (8·95%) in total were infested with C. anthropophaga, with 6·41% and 13·34% of farms in the Menoua and Bamboutos divisions, respectively. The relative risk of infestation within each factor showed that the risk of myiasis in animals kept in kitchen compartments without litter was 6·16 times higher (95% CI 1·71–22·29, 𝑃 = 0·04) than in animals kept in kitchens and house floors. Despite the low prevalence, the burden of cordylobiasis needs to be assessed. It is assumed that the risk of humans acquiring the disease is higher in farmers keeping cavies in kitchen compartments without litter. Farmers need to be educated on control measures to reduce the risk of infestation, which include both sanitation and medical (larvae extraction) measures.

Myiasis-causing larvae were extracted from dogs attending veterinary clinics in Plateau State, Nigeria and subjected to molecular analysis involving polymerase chain reaction amplification of the 28S rRNA gene of blowflies, cloning and sequencing techniques. All larvae were confirmed as Cordylobia anthropophaga Blanchard (Diptera: Calliphoridae) after the initial morphological identification. This is the first molecular identification of any myiasis-causing fly species in Nigeria and may serve as a reliable alternative to morphological identification where samples are not well preserved or difficult to identify to species level.

Background Furuncular myiasis is a parasitic infection of a live mammal by fly larvae commonly seen in Africa. However, with an increase in international tourism, there is a significant rise in exotic infection in non-endemic areas which can pose a diagnostic challenge to doctors and potentially lead to delay in treatment. From the current literature, only 12 cases were reported in the UK. Case presentation We report an unusual case of multiple abscesses in a 32-year-old white British woman presenting to our Emergency department in the UK after returning from a holiday in The Gambia, West Africa. She did not complain of systemic symptoms and was otherwise fit and healthy with no significant past medical history. During examination, two maggots were expressed from the abscesses by applying lateral pressure to each lesion. The larvae were found to be Cordylobia anthropophaga . She was discharged with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection with no further follow-up. Conclusion With globalization, the need for increasing awareness of tropical diseases has become important to win the battle against future epidemics.

A 61 year old woman returning to the UK from the Algarve and complaining of boil-like lesions was found to have cutaneous myiasis caused by tumbu maggots, Cordylobia anthropophaga. This is apparently the first report of acquisition of this form of myiasis in Portugal.

Aim: The study was designed to evaluate the common pathogenic bacteria associated with cutaneous canine myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga, and their prevalence in relation to breed, sex and age of the infested dogs. Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred and thirty three (133) myiasis wound swabs and Cordylobia anthropophaga larvae were collected from infested dogs and analyzed for pathogenic bacteria using microscopic, cultural and biochemical methods. Results: The most commonly encountered bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 75 (56.4%), Streptococcus spp. 16 (12%) and Escherichia coli 7 (5.3%). Other organisms isolated include, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacteria species, while mixed infection of S. aureus and Streptococcus spp were also observed. The rate of infection was found to be highest among the age groups 1-20 weeks and least in the 91-100 (week) age groups. The breed of dogs mostly infected with these bacteria was the local breed (Mongrel) while the German shepherd/Alsatian breeds were the least infected and with 58.6% (78) and 4.5% (6) percentage respectively. Male dogs showed more propensities to bacterial infection of all the types isolated and accounted for 60.9% (81) in contrast to the female dogs with 39.11% (52) infection rate. Pure bacteria isolates were frequently encountered 94.7% (126), while mixed infection accounted for just 5.3% (7). Conclusion: Our results indicates that several pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria are associated with C. antropophagamyiasis in dogs, and should serve as concern for pet owners and veterinarians. Keywords: Cordylobia anthropophaga, dog, myiasis, pathogenic bacteria