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Historical Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) regulatory sampling data from the Philadelphia Water Department were examined to explore their potential value for guiding a water utility's progress with regard to optimal corrosion control treatment (OCCT). If a system has established a stable water treatment process with consistent corrosion control treatment (CCT) and has achieved continued decreases in lead levels during regulatory sampling, then the information collected during LCR monitoring can be used as an important data set of a broader OCCT evaluation and will help inform the benefit of additional changes in CCT. Since water utilities have LCR data dating back to 1992, these data should be used to make informed decisions. This research also showed that the addition of orthophosphate has resulted in a significant decrease in lead levels at the customer tap. Additionally, profile sampling was performed to show that first‐draw 1 L samples following a 6 h stagnation period provide a good representation of the lead concentrations measured from lead service line and home plumbing samples at the same sites and may be used to indicate overall changes in lead concentrations at the tap resulting from CCT for this system.

In the oil and gas industry, the presence of aggressive fluids and gases can cause serious corrosion problems. Multiple solutions have been introduced to the industry to minimize corrosion occurrence probability in recent years. They include cathodic protection, utilization of advanced metallic grades, injection of corrosion inhibitors, replacement of the metal parts with composite solutions, and deposition of protective coatings. This paper will review the advances and developments in the design of corrosion protection solutions. The publication highlights crucial challenges in the oil and gas industry to be solved upon the development of corrosion protection methods. According to the stated challenges, existing protective systems are summarized with emphasis on the features that are essential for oil and gas production. Qualification of corrosion protection performance based on international industrial standards will be depicted in detail for each type of corrosion protection system. Forthcoming challenges for the engineering of next-generation materials for corrosion mitigation are discussed to highlight the trends and forecasts of emerging technology development. We will also discuss the advances in nanomaterial and smart material development, enhanced ecological regulations, and applications of complex multifunctional solutions for corrosion mitigation which have become of great importance in recent decades.

Objectives. We analyzed differences in pediatric elevated blood lead level incidence before and after Flint, Michigan, introduced a more corrosive water source into an aging water system without adequate corrosion control. Methods. We reviewed blood lead levels for children younger than 5 years before (2013) and after (2015) water source change in Greater Flint, Michigan. We assessed the percentage of elevated blood lead levels in both time periods, and identified geographical locations through spatial analysis. Results. Incidence of elevated blood lead levels increased from 2.4% to 4.9% (P < .05) after water source change, and neighborhoods with the highest water lead levels experienced a 6.6% increase. No significant change was seen outside the city. Geospatial analysis identified disadvantaged neighborhoods as having the greatest elevated blood lead level increases and informed response prioritization during the now-declared public health emergency. Conclusions. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels increased after water source change, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Water is a growing source of childhood lead exposure because of aging infrastructure.

Although the Flint, Michigan, water crisis renewed concerns about lead (Pb) in city drinking water, little attention has been paid to Pb in private wells, which provide drinking water for 13% of the US population. This study evaluates the risk of Pb exposure in children in households relying on private wells. It is based on a curated dataset of blood Pb records from 59,483 North Carolina children matched with household water source information. We analyze the dataset for statistical associations between children’s blood Pb and household drinking water source. The analysis shows that children in homes relying on private wells have 25% increased odds (95% CI 6.2 to 48%, P < 0.01) of elevated blood Pb, compared with children in houses served by a community water system that is regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act. This increased Pb exposure is likely a result of corrosion of household plumbing and well components, because homes relying on private wells rarely treat their water to prevent corrosion. In contrast, corrosion control is required in regulated community water systems. These findings highlight the need for targeted outreach to prevent Pb exposure for the 42.5 million Americans depending on private wells for their drinking water.

Corrosion is the result of a series of chemical, physical and (micro) biological processes leading to the deterioration of materials such as steel and stone. It is a world-wide problem with great societal and economic consequences. Current corrosion control strategies based on chemically produced products are under increasing pressure of stringent environmental regulations. Furthermore, they are rather inefficient. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly and sustainable corrosion control strategies. The mechanisms of microbially influenced corrosion and microbially influenced corrosion inhibition are not completely understood, because they cannot be linked to a single biochemical reaction or specific microbial species or groups. Corrosion is influenced by the complex processes of different microorganisms performing different electrochemical reactions and secreting proteins and metabolites that can have secondary effects. Information on the identity and role of microbial communities that are related to corrosion and corrosion inhibition in different materials and in different environments is scarce. As some microorganisms are able to both cause and inhibit corrosion, we pay particular interest to their potential role as corrosion-controlling agents. We show interesting interfaces in which scientists from different disciplines such as microbiology, engineering and art conservation can collaborate to find solutions to the problems caused by corrosion.

Corrosion is a huge issue for materials, mechanical, civil and petrochemical engineers.With comprehensive coverage of the principles of corrosion engineering, this book is a one-stop text and reference for students and practicing corrosion engineers.

The corrosion inhibition performance of 5-imino-1,2,4-dithiazolidine-3-thione (IDTT) on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was comprehensively evaluated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical techniques, adsorption studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study uniquely integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of IDTT’s adsorption behavior and inhibition mechanism. Weight loss measurements demonstrated a significant reduction in corrosion rate (CR) from 5.74 mg·cm −2 ·h⁻ 1 (blank) to 0.31 mg·cm −2 ·h −1 at 0.5 mM, achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency (IE%) of 84.3%. Potentiodynamic polarization studies confirmed that IDTT functions as a mixed-type inhibitor, effectively suppressing both anodic and cathodic reactions. The corrosion current density (i corr ) decreased from 9.9 to 2.7 µA·cm −2 at 303 K, while polarization resistance (Rp) increased from 50.3 Ω (blank) to 149.2 Ω at 0.5 mM, indicating enhanced surface protection. Adsorption studies revealed that IDTT follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption with an adsorption equilibrium constant (K ads ) of 1.32 × 10 4 M −1 . The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG ads  =  −19.83 kJ·mol −1 ) indicates that physisorption dominates the adsorption mechanism, ensuring effective surface coverage. DFT calculations provided molecular-level insights into IDTT’s inhibition mechanism, revealing a HOMO energy of −8.458 eV and a LUMO energy of 1.2 eV, which confirm strong electronic interactions with the metal surface. Mulliken charge analysis identified sulfur and nitrogen atoms as active adsorption sites, reinforcing IDTT’s ability to form a stable protective layer on mild steel. This study demonstrates the novelty of IDTT as a highly efficient corrosion inhibitor, combining experimental validation and computational analysis to establish its adsorption mechanism and surface interactions. The findings highlight IDTT’s potential for industrial applications as a sustainable and effective inhibitor for corrosion control in acidic environments.

Addressing copper corrosion in acidic cleaning procedures in the desalination industry is crucial for preserving efficiency, assuring water quality, and reducing environmental effect. Traditional procedures can offer environmental concerns, necessitating the quest for creative, eco-friendly solutions. This work provides a very effective, natural method to corrosion control by studying the inhibitory effects of Acacia farnesiana extract (AFE) for copper corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. To assess AFE’s anticorrosion effectiveness, we used extensive procedures, including weight loss (WL) and sophisticated electrochemical techniques (EIS and polarization). The extract achieved the highest inhibitory efficiency at 97.4% (EIS), 96.3% (polarization), and 94.1% (weight loss). The novelty of this work lies in the identification of long-chain fatty acids (Linoleic and Oleic acids) as the primary drivers of inhibition. HPLC analysis confirmed a high concentration of C18 unsaturated fatty acids, which provide a dual-action defense: chemical anchoring via carboxyl groups and physical shielding via a hydrophobic alkyl-chain barrier. This molecular synergy results in a superior inhibition efficiency of 97.4% in 1 M HCl. According to our investigation, AFE offers maximum protection by acting in the forming of mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. In order to provide a solid knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism, we also investigated the impact of temperature and identified pertinent thermodynamic factors. The efficient adsorption behavior of AFE onto the copper surface, creating a protective barrier, is visually validated by surface examinations utilizing electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the four primary fatty acids in AFE can operate as electron donors and so assist in the creation of a protective AFE covering on the copper surface. This study highlights AFE’s potential as an effective, eco-friendly remedy for industrial corrosion problems.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the equivalent relationship between accelerated corrosion tests and real environmental spectrum of suspenders in long-span suspension bridge considering multiple factors action. Design/methodology/approach Based on Faraday's law, corrosion current was used as a measure of metal corrosion, and the equivalent conversion relationship between laboratory environment and real service environment was established. The equivalent conversion method for bridge structural steel had been determined under different temperature, humidity, pH value and NaCl concentration conditions. The compilation of environmental spectra for large span bridges considering multiple factors and the principle of equivalent conversion have been proposed. Findings Environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, pH value and NaCl concentration, have significant impact on the corrosion degree of suspension steel wires, and only considering these two factors for equivalent conversion cannot accurately reflect the true service environment of the bridge. The 33.8-h salt spray accelerated corrosion test using the standard conditions can be equivalent to one year of suspenders corrosion in a real service environment. Originality/value The equivalent accelerated corrosion method for steel wires proposed in this study can effectively predict the corrosion degree of the suspenders, which has been verified to be correct and can provide theoretical guidance for the development of corrosion test plans for steel wires and engineering technical basis for anti-corrosion control and calendar life research of suspension bridge suspenders.

Three novel morpholinium-cationic surfactants (coded: DCSM-8, DCSM-10, and DCSM-12) with chemical structure confirmed via FT-IR, HNMR, and mass analysis were applied for carbon steel ( CS ) corrosion control in acidic 4 M HCl solution. The investigated compounds decreased water surface tension (72 mN.m -1 ) to 19.85 mN.m -1 after the addition of DCSM-12. The surfactants mitigation performance was assessed via weight loss ( W L ), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synthesized surfactants protected CS efficiently with higher inhibition efficiencies up to 97.029% at 1 × 10 –3  M for DCSM-12 using PDP which also indicated that, the prepared surfactants inhibited both CS anodic and cathodic sites with cathodic dominant. EIS data showed higher CS resistance from 35.24 Ω.cm 2 to 1245.54 Ω.cm 2 after addition of 1 × 10 –3  M for DCSM-12 with mitigation potency 97.17% which can be attributed to their adsorption process over CS surface forming a protective film layer that followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm reflecting the chemical adsorption affinity of the prepared mitigators with higher adsorption energy (ΔG* ads ) values (> -40 kJ.mol -1 ). Also, the protection effect of the prepared inhibitor (DCSM-12) was confirmed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) showing improvement in CS surface morphology. The reactivity of the prepared surfactants and their mitigation role in CS deterioration were confirmed theoretically using DFT (density functional theory) and MCs (Monte Carlo simulations).