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A forklift is one of the most widely used vehicles in industry sectors in few decades. Therefore, it is important to create or improve their entire designs. This article proposes a method for determining the required corridor width by calculating the turning radius of standard counterweight Forklift and the new construction of forklift and compares their parameters. The effect of the new type of fork on the efficiency of forklifts and warehouses was studied.

The study systematically investigated the screening technology of a rotary vibration screening machine for nickel-based superalloy powder. The screened powder was analyzed for conditions such as “fine particles in coarse powder”, “coarse particles in fine powder”, inclusions, and ONH content. The results indicated that increasing the counterweight of the lower hammer, the angle between the upper and lower hammers, the ultrasonic frequency, the average mesh size, while reducing the number of times the screen mesh, could lower the proportion of “fine particles in coarse powder”. Reducing the number of oversized mesh apertures in the screen could decrease the proportion of “coarse particles in fine powder”. After screening, the types of inclusions in the powder decreased from 5 to 4, and both their quantity and average size were reduced. Lowering the vacuum pressure during the screening process could reduce the ONH content in the screened powder and inhibit the formation of prior particle boundaries in the disk components.

The method of balancing the wheel tire assembly, so that it rotates smoothly at high speed is known as wheel balancing. The most common type of equipment is called a dynamic balancer, commonly referred to as a \"spin balance\" It detects dynamic balance by mounting a tire on a test wheel, rotating the assembly up to 300 rpm or more, and then evaluating the forces of unbalance as the tire rotates. Dynamic balancers identify the exact amount of counterweight which needs to be applied to correct an unbalance as well as to determine its position. The technique of unbalance identification for the vehicle wheel tire assembly is addressed in this study. A specific technique is discussed for calibration of wheel balancer machine and a means of identification is proposed in order to identify the location and magnitude of the unbalance. The robustness of the technique is also validated with a specific case of wheel tire assembly balancing. The vehicle wheel balancer machine producer can easily implement the method discussed in the present investigation to build up the balancer machine.

At present, a buffer device is installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft to buffer the falling counterweight. When the elevator hits the buffer, the buffer absorbs or consumes the kinetic energy and potential energy of the elevator, so as to make the elevator or counterweight slow down safely until it stops. The corresponding counterweight is fixedly installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft. However, the counterweight installed at the bottom of the elevator shaft has certain disadvantages. In order to overcome the defects of the above existing technology, a counterweight structure with buffer device is studied in this paper. Compared with the prior art, the structure has the advantages of reducing construction time, high safety, simple structure, etc., and has universal popularization significance.

Boutwell, Nedelec, Winegard, Shackelford, Beaver, Vaughn, Barnes, & Wright (2017) published an article in this journal that interprets data from the Add Health dataset as showing that only one-quarter of individuals in the United States experience discrimination. In Study 1, we attempted to replicate Boutwell et al.'s findings using a more direct measure of discrimination. Using data from the Pew Research Center, we examined a large sample of American respondents (N = 3,716) and explored the prevalence of discrimination experiences among various racial groups. Our findings stand in contrast to Boutwell et al.'s estimates, revealing that between 50% and 75% of Black, Hispanic, and Asian respondents (depending on the group and analytic approach) reported discriminatory treatment. In Study 2, we explored whether question framing affected how participants responded to Boutwell's question about experiencing less respect and courtesy. Regardless of question framing, non-White participants reported more experiences than White participants. Further, there was an interaction of participant race and question framing such that when participants were asked about experiences of less respect or courtesy broadly, there were no differences between non-White participants and White participants, but when they were asked about experiences that were specifically race-based, non-White participants reported more experiences than White participants. The current research provides a counterweight to the claim that discrimination is not a prevalent feature of the lives of minority groups and the serious implications this claim poses for research and public policy.

Robotic mechanisms is one that the mechanism includes no less than one variable speed actuator. As for force balancing, which refers to mechanisms with a complete cancelation of the inertia-induced force on the ground (shaking force). A few strategies are accessible for reducing shaking force, including the counterweight (CW), add-of-spring (AOS), add-of-linkage (AOL), and adjusting kinematic parameter (AKP). AKP is only applicable to planar robotic mechanisms when it was developed. The primary goal of the present paper is to extend AKP approach to a spatial mechanism. Considering the complex kinematic characteristics of spatial mechanism, a simple spherical parallel robot (SPR) is used as the research tool. The equations for force balancing of the spherical robotic mechanism using AKP were derived. Simulation verification was performed by a reliable software called SPACAR available in the Matlab environment. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the AKP method in eliminating the unbalanced force to spatial mechanisms. The main contribution is the provision of a new force balancing method to spatial mechanisms, which will enrich the field of balancing of spatial robotic mechanisms.

The deflection and stability of the cantilever beam of the machine tool are important factors that affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool. Because of the space size, it needs to be weighted within a limited size. By designing different weighting schemes, the static analysis and modal analysis are carried out by finite element analysis software, and the influence law of the deflection and stress of the beam is obtained, so the appropriate weighting scheme is selected. Through the analysis of different schemes, it is known that the deflection of the beam is the smallest under the action of the arm of 900mm and the force of 1000N, and the machine tool structure is more compact, which is the key component of the subsequent machine tool.

We investigate the stability of Milky Way analogs (MWAs) in the TNG50 simulation against the growth of local axisymmetric instabilities, tracing their evolution from cosmic noon (z = 2.5) to the present day (z = 0). Using a two-component stability criterion that accounts for stars, gas, and the force field of the dark matter halo, we compute the net stability parameter (QT), the critical gas surface density (Σc), and the instability timescale (τ) for 10 barred and 10 unbarred MWAs. We find that these galaxies remain stable to axisymmetric instabilities at all epochs, with QTmin>2 . The stability levels increase toward higher redshift, where enhanced gas velocity dispersion counterbalances the destabilizing effect of larger gas fractions. Furthermore, the barred MWAs consistently show lower QTmin than unbarred ones. The gas density remains subcritical (Σg < Σc) across radii and epochs, implying that local axisymmetric instabilities are not the primary channel for star formation. Growth timescales are short (a few Myr) in central regions but increase exponentially to several Gyr in the outer disk, naturally explaining the concentration of star formation toward galactic centers. We study the effect of gas dissipation and turbulence in ISM and find that while MWAs are stable against axisymmetric instabilities (QT > 1), a combination of gas dissipation and turbulence in ISM can destabilize the disk at small scales, even when QT > 1.

We present a mathematical analysis of propagation-induced distortions in the spectro-temporal properties of fast radio bursts (FRBs). Within the triggered relativistic dynamical model, we derive a centroid-based formulation of the sub-burst slope law, which describes an inverse relation between the sub-burst frequency drift rate and the intrinsic temporal width tw. We extend this framework to include two frequency-dependent propagation effects: (i) multipath scattering, characterized by a pulse-broadening timescale τsc ∝ ν−4, and (ii) residual dispersion, parameterized by ΔDM ∝ ν−2. Our analysis shows that scattered bursts exhibit the same qualitative inverse slope–duration relation but differ quantitatively through a larger scaling coefficient when τsc > tw. Residual DM errors act asymmetrically: under-dedispersion flattens the sub-burst slope, whereas over-dedispersion produces a nonlinear increase and eventual sign change. When both effects are present, scattering counterbalances the steepening induced by over-dedispersion and augments the flattening from under-dedispersion, yielding characteristically distorted curves. We repeat analysis for ultrashort duration bursts (ultra-FRBs) with tw = 50 μs at 1 GHz and find them to be far more sensitive to propagation errors. Deviations become measurable for ΔDM∼0.05 pc cm−3 and for τsc ∼ 0.1 ms at 1 GHz, levels that have negligible impact on the standard-width sub-bursts. Our analysis provides practical diagnostics to disentangle propagation effects from observed spectro-temporal properties, thereby recovering intrinsic correlations among FRB parameters.

To meet the requirements of large tolerance, high precision, soft capture and high reliability of space gripper, a three finger end effector is developed. The gripper adopts a three fingered gripper configuration, which needs to be used together with the corresponding capture adapter. It is characterized by stable grip, high precision, large clamping force, large tolerance and strong correction ability. A 6-DOF microgravity equivalent device is innovatively designed, which adopts the combination of ball bearing and reverse counterweight. In this paper, a ground capture calibration platform is built to fully test the capture accuracy of the gripper. Considering the disturbance of capture load, carrying platform and other factors to capture, the capture stiffness of the gripper is tested and the capture stiffness curve is obtained. Both tests have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the design.