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"Cousteau, Jacques"
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The fantastic undersea life of Jacques Cousteau
This picture book biography introduces young readers to Jacques Cousteau, the world's ambassador of the oceans.
BOOK
My father, the captain : my life with Jacques Cousteau
A brief introduction to the life and career of Jacques Cousteau.
Book
Valuing natural habitats for enhancing coastal resilience: Wetlands reduce property damage from storm surge and sea level rise
Storm surge and sea level rise (SLR) are affecting coastal communities, properties, and ecosystems. While coastal ecosystems, such as wetlands and marshes, have the capacity to reduce the impacts of storm surge and coastal flooding, the increasing rate of SLR can induce the transformation and migration of these natural habitats. In this study, we combined coastal storm surge modeling and economic analysis to evaluate the role of natural habitats in coastal flood protection. We focused on a selected cross-section of three coastal counties in New Jersey adjacent to the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JCNERR) that is protected by wetlands and marshes. The coupled coastal hydrodynamic and wave models, ADCIRC+SWAN, were applied to simulate flooding from historical and synthetic storms in the Mid-Atlantic US for current and future SLR scenarios. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) was used to project the potential migration and habitat transformation in coastal marshes due to SLR in the year 2050. Furthermore, a counterfactual land cover approach, in which marshes are converted to open water in the model, was implemented for each storm scenario in the present and the future to estimate the amount of flooding that is avoided due to the presence of natural habitats and the subsequent reduction in residential property damage. The results indicate that this salt marshes can reduce up to 14% of both the flood depth and property damage during relatively low intensity storm events, demonstrating the efficacy of natural flood protection for recurrent storm events. Monetarily, this translates to the avoidance of up to $13.1 and $32.1 million in residential property damage in the selected coastal counties during the '50-year storm' simulation and hurricane Sandy under current sea level conditions, and in the year '2050 SLR scenario', respectively. This research suggests that protecting and preserving natural habitats can contribute to enhance coastal resilience.
Journal Article
Citizen-led expeditions can generate scientific knowledge and prospects for researchers
Citizen-led explorative expeditions can foster closer connections between the public and the scientific community. Such expeditions have a considerable but mostly unrecognized track record of success and can help create important networks for advancing science.
Journal Article
Parasitism in Rattus rattus and sympatric Achatina fulica by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in an urban park in southeast Brazil
In this study, rodents (
Rattus rattus
) and mollusks (
Achatina fulica
) were captured in a small forest located in a large metropolitan city in Brazil, and they were examined to investigate possible parasitism by
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
. The parasites were recovered as helminths from the pulmonary arteries of the synanthropic rodents and as third-stage larvae (with Metastrongylidae family characteristics) from the mollusks. To confirm the species, these larvae were used to experimentally infect
Rattus norvegicus
for the posterior recovery of adult helminths. To identify the adult helminths, morphological, morphometric, molecular, and phylogenetic techniques were employed. Furthermore, we also characterized the histological lesions associated with parasitism in naturally infected definitive hosts. Our results demonstrated the occurrence of a natural life cycle of
A. cantonensis
(with the presence of adult helminths) in definitive hosts,
Rattus rattus
, and third-stage larvae in an intermediate host,
A. fulica
. In free-living rodents, lesions of granulomatous pneumonia in the lungs and meningitis in the brain were also found. These results warn of the risk of accidental transmission of
A. cantonensis
to human residents around the park because of the extensive interaction among the fauna of the park, domestic animals, and the surrounding human population.
Journal Article
Jerry Kirk: surgery professor, author, and widely respected figure in surgical education
When he was demobbed, Kirk got an ex-serviceman grant to study medicine at King’s College London and Charing Cross Hospital. Surgical career After qualifying in 1952, Kirk became an anatomy lecturer at King’s College London and continued his training at the postgraduate medical school at Hammersmith Hospital under Ian Aird. [...]in 1964, he became a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital, where he stayed for 25 years.
Journal Article
Habitat Characteristics and Plant Community Dynamics Impact the Diversity, Composition, and Co-occurrence of Sediment Fungal Communities
Habitat edge effects can have profound impacts on biodiversity throughout terrestrial and aquatic biomes. Yet, few studies have examined how habitat edge effects impact the spatial patterning of sediment properties and microbial communities, especially in coastal ecosystems. Coastal salt marshes throughout the world are being transformed by sea level rise; high-marsh, flood-intolerant species, such as
Spartina patens
, are being fragmented and replaced by low-marsh, flood-tolerant species, such as
Spartina alterniflora.
The consequences of these habitat transformations on fungal communities remain unclear. Thus, we sought to identify how habitat edge effects, alongside changing plant community dynamics, impact the spatial patterning of fungal communities associated with ubiquitous
Spartina
species. We analyzed 26
Spartina patens
patches: 13 pure monocultures and 13 mixed patches with
Spartina alterniflora
infiltration. We measured patch characteristics, plant characteristics, sediment physicochemical properties, and sediment fungal communities. We found that habitat edge effects structured sediment and plant properties in both pure and mixed patches. However, habitat edge effects only structured fungal community composition in mixed patches, counter to expectations. These results indicate that changing plant community dynamics driven by sea level rise can exacerbate habitat edge effects in coastal ecosystems. Least discriminant analysis and co-occurrence networks further revealed unique taxa and network structures between pure and mixed patches and between interiors and edges. In sum, we found that habitat transformation of coastal salt marshes driven by global change impacts the spatial dynamics of sediment and fungal properties.
Journal Article